The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) is now calling for a 10% wage rise, down from earlier demands for increases of up to 60% for some workers.

 

Workers last week rejected an offer of a 6% rise - the same as the current annual rate of inflation.

 

South Africa's gold industry is one of the biggest in the world. 

 

But it has been in decline in recent years, while the platinum¹ sector² is still recovering from violence during last year's strikes.

 

It has been estimated that the gold miners' strike could cost South Africa more than $30m a day in lost output.

 

Mine owners are warning it could lead to gold mines closing and thousands of jobs being lost, following a fall in the price of gold.

 

They say that their production costs have increased as they have had to dig ever deeper to extract gold.

 

 

For many years, South Africa was by far the world's largest gold producer and accounted for 68% of global output in 1970, reports the AFP news agency. 

 

It is now the 5th biggest, with just 6% of world production but mining is still the most important sector in South Africa's economy.

 

President Jacob Zuma has urged both sides to find a solution, saying: "A strike hurts both sides."

 

NUM said workers would walk out from their shifts at 18:00 local time (16:00 GMT).

 

It was aware of the "devastating³" impact industrial action would have on the economy, the NUM said. 

 

However, it was a "largely a white man's economy" with no benefits for poor black mineworkers, the NUM added.

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