面向未来，创新在我国现代化建设全局中处于核心地位。推动高质量发展，构建新发展格局，一个关键是实现高水平的科技自立自强。

 

今年的《政府工作报告》有哪些科技创新关键词？

 

关键词一：基础研究 basic research

 

困扰中国科技发展的“卡脖子”之痛，根在基础。《政府工作报告》提出：

 

基础研究是科技创新的源头,要健全稳定支持机制,大幅增加投入,中央本级基础研究支出增长10.6%,落实扩大经费使用自主权政策。

Basic research is the wellspring of scientific and technological¹ innovation. So we will ensure the stable functioning of funding mechanisms³ for basic research and boost spending in this area by a considerable sum. Central government expenditures⁴ on basic research will increase by 10.6 percent.Research institutes will have more say about how funds should be used.

 

关键词二：战略科技力量 strategic scientific and technological strength

 

国家战略科技力量代表了国家科技创新的最高水平。《政府工作报告》提出：

 

强化国家战略科技力量,推进国家实验室建设，完善科技项目和创新基地布局。实施好关键核心技术攻关工程，深入谋划推进“科技创新2030—重大项目”。

We will improve our strategic scientific and technological strength. The building of national laboratories will continue, and the layout of science and technology programs and innovation centers will be improved. We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, further plan and implement⁵ the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda.

 

关键词三：人才创新活力 the creativity of talent

 

受制于压任务、定指标、求数量等一些科研评价倾向，不少科技人员表示“压力山大”。《政府工作报告》提出：

 

完善项目评审和人才评价机制，切实减轻科研人员不合理负担，使他们能够沉下心来致力科学探索，以“十年磨一剑”精神在关键核心领域实现重大突破。

The mechanisms for assessing projects and evaluating personnel will be refined. These actions will help relieve researchers of undue⁶ burdens and enable them to fully⁷ devote their time and energy to making scientific explorations and major breakthroughs in key technologies, just as a blacksmith in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword.

 

关键词四：揭榜挂帅 the open competition mechanism² to select the best candidates

 

《政府工作报告》提出，2021年要改革科技重大专项实施方式：

 

改革科技重大专项实施方式，推广“揭榜挂帅”等机制。支持有条件的地方建设国际和区域科技创新中心，增强国家自主创新示范区等带动作用。

We will reform the way that major science and technology programs are implemented⁸, and extend mechanisms, such as the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to undertake key research projects, to more areas. We support localities with requisite⁹ conditions to develop international and regional centers for science and technology innovation, and better leverage¹⁰ the guiding role of institutions such as national innovation demonstration¹¹ zones.

 

关键词五：企业创新主体 the principal role of enterprises in innovation

 

面对新一轮科技革命浪潮，如果仅靠“一招鲜”，很难“吃遍天”。《政府工作报告》提出：

 

运用市场化机制激励企业创新。强化企业创新主体地位，鼓励领军企业组建创新联合体，拓展产学研用融合通道，健全科技成果产权激励机制。

We will leverage market forces to encourage enterprises to engage in innovation. We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia. We will expand the channels that bring together enterprises, universities, research institutes and end-users, and refine the equity-based incentive¹² mechanisms for scientific and technological advances.

 

完善创业投资监管体制和发展政策，纵深推进大众创业万众创新。延续执行企业研发费用加计扣除75%政策,将制造业企业加计扣除比例提高到100%，用税收优惠机制激励企业加大研发投入，着力推动企业以创新引领发展。

We will improve the regulatory system and development policies for venture capital, and further promote business startups and innovation initiatives. We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction¹³ of 75 percent on enterprises' R&D costs, and we will raise this to 100 percent for manufacturing enterprises. By employing such mechanisms for preferential tax treatment, we can encourage enterprises to increase R&D spending and pursue innovation-driven development.

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