19. The following appeared as part of an article in the travel section of a newspaper.
“Over the past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented¹ growth. This surge can be expected to continue in the coming years, fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising, more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, and people have a greater interest in gourmet² food, as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.”
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
Recent social changes in the country of Spiessa lead the author to predict a continued surge in growth of that country’s restaurant industry. Rising personal incomes, additional leisure time, an increase in single-person households, and greater interest in gourmet food are cited as the main reasons for this optimistic outlook. All of these factors are indeed relevant to growth in the restaurant industry; so the prediction appears reasonable on its face. However, three questionable³ assumptions operative in this argument bear close examination.
The first dubious⁴ assumption is that the supply of restaurants in Spiessa will continue to grow at the same rate as in the recent past. However, even in the most favorable conditions and the best of economic times there are just so many restaurants that a given population can accommodate and sustain. It is possible that the demand for restaurants has already been met by the unprecedented growth of the past decade, in which case the recent social changes will have little impact on the growth of the restaurant industry.
A second assumption is that the economic and social circumstances cited by the author will actually result in more people eating out at restaurants. This assumption is unwarranted, however. For example, increased leisure time may just as likely result in more people spending more time cooking gourmet meals in their own homes. Also, single people may actually be more likely than married people to eat at home than to go out for meals. Finally, people may choose to spend their additional income in other ways—on expensive cars, travel, or larger homes.
A third poor assumption is that, even assuming people in Spiessa will choose to spend more time and money eating out, no extrinsic⁵ factors will stifle⁶ this demand. This assumption is unwarranted. Any number of extrinsic factors—such as a downturn in the general economy or significant layoffs⁷ at Spiessa’s largest businesses—may stall the current restaurant surge. Moreover, the argument fails to specify⁸ the “social changes” that have led to the current economic boom. If it turns out these changes are politically driven, then the surge may very well reverse if political power changes hands.
In conclusion, this argument unfairly assumes a predictable future course for both supply and demand. To strengthen the argument, the author must at the very least show that demand for new restaurants has not yet been exhausted⁹, that Spiessa can accommodate new restaurants well into the future, and that the people of Spiessa actually want to eat out more.

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