In the third place, the evidence that the author provides is insufficient¹ to support the conclusion drawn² from it. One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. Unless the arguer can show that A1 is representative of all A, the conclusion that B… is completely unwarranted. In fact, in face of such limited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.

　　In the fourth place, the argument has also committed a false analogy fallacy. The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous³ to B in all respects, and the author assumes without justification⁴ that all things are equal, and that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. Lacking this assumption, the conclusion that … is entirely⁵ unfounded. In fact, it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from B are applicable to A. Differences between A and B clearly out weight the similarities, thus making the analogy highly less than valid⁶. For example, A……, however, B…… Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do……

　　In addition, the conclusion unjustifiably relies on the poll while the validity of the survey itself is doubtful. The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative⁷. The claim does not indicate who, when, how and by whom the survey is conducted, neither does it mention what is the sample size, or how the samples are selected. Until these questions are answered the results are worthless as evidence to support that….

　　Besides, the author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However, the author has never offered any reasons or evidences for imposing⁸ an either/or choice. Common sense and observation tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce better results.

　　To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the author claims. To make the argument more convincing concerning…. , the arguer would have to provide more information that………………. The arguer should also demonstrate that……………….to make this argument logically acceptable. (51)

　　Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if he….

　　In conclusion, the arguer fails to substantiate⁹ his claim that …. Because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer claims. To strengthen the argument, the arguer must convince us that…. In addition, the arguer could have to provide more precise information to support his claim.

　　It is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any number of factors that can affect the bottom line such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient¹⁰ production, poor employee expense monitoring, ineffective advertising¹¹, sloppy¹² buying policies and other wasteful¹³ spending.