托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)1
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-06-19 06:18 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

一、代词
代词中主要讲解六个问题

(一) 掌握代词的几种格:主格、宾格、所有格
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)

(二) 反身代词
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。
  He killed himself. (他自杀了)
  He killed him. (他杀了他)
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating 
    A                 B   
  a series of indicators1 that could help
             C     
  themselves to predict earthquakes.
    D
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物。

(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。
例:The continental2 divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the
     A   B      C          D
  Pacific.
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined
                       A  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and
             B
   economic conditions they promised the nation.
   C       D
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important
        A    
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John
   B        C     
  Keats, published the year of her death. 
      D
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.

(四) Who和which的区别
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人,who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物。
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who
              A            B
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
   C                  D
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明。

(五) that和which的区别
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it
              A        B
  would affect society could not have been foreseen.
      C              D
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见

(六) 定语从句的特殊省略
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when,way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which。
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
              A         B  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
         C      D
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has 
  affected3 the way people in the United States----.
   (A) living and working
   (B) they live and work
   (C) live and work
   (D) to live and to work
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式



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1 indicators f46872fc1b5f08e9d32bd107be1df829     
(仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针( indicator的名词复数 ); 指示物; (车辆上的)转弯指示灯; 指示信号
参考例句:
  • The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
  • It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。
2 continental Zazyk     
adj.大陆的,大陆性的,欧洲大陆的
参考例句:
  • A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
  • The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。
3 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
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