托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)2
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

二、介词
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。

(一) 介词搭配
例:The teeth in the upper jaw1 function together those
    A         B   C     
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.
                D
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal.
A       B     C  D
分析:B错改为be rich in
例:The rotation2 of the Earth on its axis3 is responsible to the
    A         B      C
  alternation of periods of light and darkness.
             D
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。

(二) 最重要的两个介词

1、介词of 多余或者遗漏
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches4, on top stagnant5 water.
          A      B  C     D
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has
                 A  B    
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on
      C
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
      D
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。

2、介词by
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by,另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States
    A         B      
   can be performed from a justice of the peace.
   C     D
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils
   A                     
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to
     B    C       D
   supply moccasins and field rations6.
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with
        A               
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements
        B          C  
  that are often represented at symbols.
              D
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导



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1 jaw 5xgy9     
n.颚,颌,说教,流言蜚语;v.喋喋不休,教训
参考例句:
  • He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
  • A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。
2 rotation LXmxE     
n.旋转;循环,轮流
参考例句:
  • Crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion.农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。
  • The workers in this workshop do day and night shifts in weekly rotation.这个车间的工人上白班和上夜班每周轮换一次。
3 axis sdXyz     
n.轴,轴线,中心线;坐标轴,基准线
参考例句:
  • The earth's axis is the line between the North and South Poles.地轴是南北极之间的线。
  • The axis of a circle is its diameter.圆的轴线是其直径。
4 batches f8c77c3bee0bd5d27b9ca0e20c216d1a     
一批( batch的名词复数 ); 一炉; (食物、药物等的)一批生产的量; 成批作业
参考例句:
  • The prisoners were led out in batches and shot. 这些囚犯被分批带出去枪毙了。
  • The stainless drum may be used to make larger batches. 不锈钢转数设备可用来加工批量大的料。
5 stagnant iGgzj     
adj.不流动的,停滞的,不景气的
参考例句:
  • Due to low investment,industrial output has remained stagnant.由于投资少,工业生产一直停滞不前。
  • Their national economy is stagnant.他们的国家经济停滞不前。
6 rations c925feb39d4cfbdc2c877c3b6085488e     
定量( ration的名词复数 ); 配给量; 正常量; 合理的量
参考例句:
  • They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
  • The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。
7 algebra MKRyW     
n.代数学
参考例句:
  • He was not good at algebra in middle school.他中学时不擅长代数。
  • The boy can't figure out the algebra problems.这个男孩做不出这道代数题。
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