Development in Newspaper Organization
　?One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______(1)_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph¹. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______(2)________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.
　　Newspaper chains and mergers³ began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______(3)______. A merger² involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive⁴ independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______(4)______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________(5)_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.
A. to play an important role in newspaper operations
B. was the growth of telegraph services
C. and they usually enjoy great prestige⁵
D. they are usually operated by a single owner
E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs
F. owned by a single person or organization
KEY: BAFDE

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