练习：

1. Scotland is thought to have made important contributions to the civilization of the Western world because of

  A) the great thinkers who were born there.

  B) the methods introduced by its distinguished¹ scholars.

  C) the first-class education it provides.

  D) the ideas proposed by some famous thinkers and intellectuals.

2. Which of the following is the ultimate aim of Hume's humanity-oriented studies?

  A) To observe and investigate human behavior.

  B) To find ways to improve human society as a whole.

  C) To find out how people think and feel.                                                                 

D) To judge the societies humans live in

3. Smith's idea of "enlightened self-interest" has great significance for

  A) the pursuit of personal interest.

  B) the prosperity of all nations.

  C) the improvement of international trade.

  D) the study of economics only.

4. Which of the following statements is true of the Scottish Enlightenment?

  A) It ended with the death of such thinkers as Hume and Adam Smith.

  B) It is embodied² only in the way Scottish universities are run.

  C) Its influence is found only in economics.

  D) It is still alive in a broad sense.

5. The Institute for System Level Integration³ is used as an example to illustrate⁴

  A) the practical orientation⁵ of Scottish higher education.

  B) the tradition of Scottish higher education.

  C) Smith's application of Hume's philosophical⁶ ideas to economies.

  D) the high level of education Scottish universities have attained⁷.

答案与题解：

1. D　这道题的答案在第二段里可以找到。根据Arthur Herman, 苏格兰的思想家和知识分子提出了许多现代生活引以为据的思想，这些思想不仅对知识分子来说具有学术意义，而且还流传到商业、政府和科学等领域。

2. B　文章的第四段解释了Hume的研究是如何以人为本的。人的行为、人的思维方式等都是他所要研究的，但他的研究的最终目的是这段的最后一句话，即make concrete    suggestions, for universal benefit。考试论坛

3. B　答案见第六段。 Smith 的这个想法对现代经济学固然有重要意义，但如文中所说，It also has wider applications. 即下文所说的世界各国可以通过和平、贸易和创造发明而不是通过战争和掠夺来变得富裕、自由、强大。

4. D　答案的一句在第七段：A wider Scottish Enlightenment can still be seen.

5. B　文章的倒数第二段介绍了这个被用作例子的学校，这个例子要说明什么可以看再前一段。最后一句说： It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence⁸ with practical orientation.