PASSAGE 6 
Development in Newspaper Organization
　?One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______(1)_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______(2)________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.
　　Newspaper chains and mergers² began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______(3)______. A merger¹ involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______(4)______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________(5)_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.
A. to play an important role in newspaper operations
B. was the growth of telegraph services
C. and they usually enjoy great prestige
D. they are usually operated by a single owner
E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs
F. owned by a single person or organization
KEY: BAFDE

 
PASSAGE 7 
The Building of the Pyramids

　?The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered³ along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent⁴" pyramid.
　　Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.
　　It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
　　One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.
EXERCISE:
A for stone to use in modern buildings
B has made them less likely to fall into ruin
C before they could begin to build
D because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved
E while building the pyramids
F they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet
Key:FABDC
 
PASSAGE 8 
Einstein Named "Person of Century"

　?Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel⁵ the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.
　　A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.
　　"The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological⁶-technologies_(2)_," wrote theoretical physicist⁷ Stephen Hawking⁸ in a Time essay explaining Einstein’s significance. "Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein."
　　Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon⁹ for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
　　"What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying¹⁰ the great theme of freedom’s fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances_(3)_," said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.
　　Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed¹¹ taking exams.
　　In1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. In his "Special Theory of Relativity," Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light. Everything else-mass, weight, space, even time itself-is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-E=mc2.
　　"Indirectly¹², relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics, " Isaacson wrote in an essay___(4)____. "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."
　　Einstein’s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed¹³ pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi¹⁴ Germany did. Roosevelt heeded¹⁵ the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project"_(5)_. Einstein did not work on the project.
　　Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey¹⁶ in 1955.
A．explaining Time’s choices
B. how he thought of the relativity theory
C. more than any other person
D. that secretly developed the first atomic weapon
E. that flowed directly from advances in basic science
F. that helped expand the growth of freedom 
Key: CEFAD

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