PASSAGE 15
　　Transport and Trade
　　Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful¹ to places where they are scarce²， transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer， the better for trade. When there were no railways， no good roads， no canals， and only small sailing ships， trade was on a small scale.
　　The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled³ a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand， for instance⁴. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business， drawing supplies from， and selling goods to， all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs⁵ and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.
　　Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.
　　By moving fuel， raw materials， and even power， as， for example， through electric cables⁶， transport has led to the establishment⁷ of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes， the longer the distance over which goods can profitably⁸ be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.
　　Commerce⁹ requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication， like telephones， cables and radio， send information about prices， supplies， and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way， advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.
　　练习：
　　1. Paragraph 2 _________
　　2. Paragraph 3 _________
　　3. Paragraph 4 _________
　　4. Paragraph 5 _________
　　A. Higher living standard
　　B. Importance of transport in trade
　　C. Various means of transport
　　D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade
　　E. Role of information in trade
　　F. Public transportation
　　5. The development of modern means of transport _________.
　　6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________.
　　7. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _________.
　　8. In the trade of modern society the transmission¹⁰ of information plays as important a role as ________.
　　A. to send goods to various parts of the world
　　B. at any time during the year
　　C. has greatly promoted trade
　　D. is it possible to produce on a large scale
　　E. the transport of goods
　　F. it is possible to produce on a large scale
　　答案：BADECDBE

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