职称英语语法知识必备d
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

六、 不定代词

不具体指明代替特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every ,some,any, either2neither3, each,one,no,none4,many,a few5,few,much,a little,little,another,other,others等;以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如somebody,someone7,something;anybody8,anyone,anything;nobody,no one,nothing;everybody,everyone,everything 。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。

3.一些不定代词的否定形式

(1)部分否定:not all…(all…not…),not both…(bom…not…); not ;not each…(each...not...)

(2)全部否定:none(of)…,not any(of)…,not one of..., not a...no…, neither…

4.不定代词的句法作用

(1)all——指两个以上的人或物,或代替不可数名词。

①作主语:All were present at the meeting10·所有的人都出席了会议。

②作宾语:Sorry,I\'ve forgotten all about it. 对不起,我把此忘了。

③作定语:All the books should be handed in.所有的书都应交上来。

④作同位语:Do you know them-all?你都认识他们吗?

⑤作表语:That is all 1 want.那就是我所需要的。

(2)some与any——都具有名词和形容词的性质,都可修饰可数名词(单、复数)和不可数名词。

①可分别用作

A.主语:Some of them ale reading12.他们中有部分人在看书。

Is there any left?还有剩下的吗?

B.宾语:If you have any,please give me some.你如果有,请我点。

C.定语:I have some questions to ask you.我有几个问题要请教你。

Do you have any questions to ask me?你有问题要问吗?

②用法辨析

A.some多用于肯定句,也可用于请求性的疑问句,表示希

望得到肯定的答复: Would13 you have some tea?你想喝点茶吗?

B.some修饰可数名词单数时,表示“某一”,与数词连用时

表示“大约”:I,U come to see you some time next month. 下个月我会找个时间来看望你。 Some twenty students were late this morning.今天早上有大约二十名学生迟到。

C.any多用于否定句或疑问句中,也可用于条件句中;

D.any用于肯定句时,表示“任何”:You Can take any book you like.你喜欢哪本,就拿哪本。

E1.any还可用作状语,表示程度:Are you any better today? 你今天感觉好点吗?

(3)both,either与neither——都指两个人或物

①可分别用作:

A.主语:Both(of the pencils)are broken14.两支(铅笔)都断了。

E/either(of the pencils) is red.两支(铅笔)都是红的。

Neither(of them)is mine.这两个都不是我的。

B.宾语:I’ll take both(of them)with me.我把两个都带着。

You may take either(of them)with you. 这两个,随你拿一个。

He’ll agree15 with neither of you.他不会同意你俩的意见的。

C.定语:Both books are in English.

两本书都是用英语写的。

Y0u may read either book两本书,随你看哪一本。

I’ll buy neither book这两本书我都不想买。

②both还可用作同位语:We are both students·

我俩都是学生。

We both like swimming.我俩都喜欢游泳。

(4)every与each——都指每一个

①every只能作定语:We read English every day.我们每天朗读英语。

each可分别作

A.定语:He went to see his parents each month. 他每月都去看望父母。

B.主语:Each(of the boys)has done his work.每个(男孩)都做好了功课。

C.宾语:She gave16 each three pencils.她给每人三支铅笔。

D.同位语:They each have three pencils.他们每人有三支铅笔。

②用法辨析

A.every含义与all相近,侧重“全体”;把事物一个个加以考虑时,多用each:

Every child has got11 a present.每个孩子都拿到了礼物。

Each child has got a present.个个孩子都拿到了礼物。

B.every与all一样,指三者以上;each可指两者或两者以上:

There are trees on each side17 of the street. 街道的每一旁都有树。

C.作定语时,each只能与可数名词单数搭配。every不仅可与单数名词搭配,还可与“基数词+复数名词”构成短语,表示“每……,,:every five days;并与body,。ne和thing构成复合不定代词:everybody,everything。

(5)one——代替前面已提到的可数名词,以避免重复: I haven,t got a computer.I’11 buy one.我没有电脑,我要买一个。

a可与定冠词连用:Do you like the one on the left?你喜欢左边那个吗?

b可有自己的定语:Show me those small ones‘ 给我看那些小的。

c可用来泛指人:One should devote18 Oneselfto one’s country· 任何人都应为国家作贡献。

(6)no与none——都用于否定

①no只能作定语,修饰名词:I have no money with me.我身边没钱。

none相当于名词,可用作主语:None of us call speak French19.我们谁都不会说法语。

宾语:He took20 none of the pens,他没拿走钢笔。

同位语:We none of us said21 anything.我们谁都没发言。

⑦none作主语,指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;指可数名词时,表示复数概念时,动词用复数形式;表示单数概念时,动词用单数形式:

No,lP of“s have got a dictionary22.(我们都没有词典。)

No,lP ofus has got a dictionary.(我们中没一个有词典。)

(1) many,a few,few与much,a little,little用于不可数名词(复数概念) many , a few , few .用于不可数名词(单数概念) much, a little, little 

②这些词都叮用作定语:There are not many books on the shelf.架子上书不多。

She can speak a little French.她会讲几句法语:

Does he have much interest23 in art?他对艺术感兴趣吗?

也可用作主语:Few of US know how to do the work.

我们没几个人知道该如何做?

There is still much to be done.还有很多没干完的。

宾i~:How much do you want?你需要多少?

表语:How much is it?这要多少钱?

③用法辨析

many和much大多用于否定句或疑问句中;肯定句中多用a

10t of:He has口lot offriends in America.他在美国有许多朋友。

another与other、others6

(8)another与other、others

泛指

宾语:Show me another,please.请再拿一个给我看。

主语:Others are reading.有些人在看书。

定语:Show me another bag,please.请再给我看一个包。

定语:Other students are reading.有些学生在看书。特指:

主语:Two students spoke24 at the meeting.One was25 Mary.

The other Was Peter.有两个学生在会上发言,一个是

玛丽,另一个是彼得。

宾语:I only know one of the boys.I don’t know the others.

这些男孩,我只认识一个,其余的都不认识。

定语:As a result,one of his legs is shorter than the other one.

结果,他的一条腿比另一条要短。

定语:Three of them were in the room.Where were the other

boys?三个男孩在房间里。其他男孩在哪里?

②another表示“再、又”意思时,可与“数词+复数名词”连用:

We’11 stay there for another two days.

我们要在那里再呆两天。

5.复合不定代词的句法作用

①作主语:Someone is waiting for you outside.有人在外面等你。

②作宾语:We don’t know anybody there.我们不认识那儿的任何人。

③作表语:That’S nothing to me.我对此无所谓。

(3)复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语需放在它们的后面:

There is something wrong with the car.汽车有毛病了。

I\'ve nothing important26 to do.我没要紧的事.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 e e1671797c52e15f763380b45e841ec32     
n.英语字母表的第5个字母;C大调音阶中的第三音
参考例句:
  • The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错,把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
3 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
4 none pHjxr     
adv.一点也不;prep.没人,毫无;pron.没有人,没有任何东西
参考例句:
  • Remember that none is perfect.记住没有任何人是完美的。
  • There's almost none left.几乎一个没剩。
5 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
6 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
7 someone Cwvw3     
pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • I can hear someone knocking.我听到有人敲门。
  • Someone wants to see her.有人找她。
8 anybody 7Mcy5     
n.重要人物;pron.任何人
参考例句:
  • They do not see anybody.他们没看见任何人。
  • You couldn't tell anybody.你不能告诉任何人。
9 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
10 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
11 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
12 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
13 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
14 broken 6xZz4B     
adj.坏掉的,患病的,被制服的,断掉的;vbl.break的过去分词
参考例句:
  • He is mending a broken cup.他在修补破杯子。
  • Something was broken in my engine.我的发动机里有个东西损坏了。
15 agree DKSyI     
vi.同意,赞成,承认,适合;vt.同意
参考例句:
  • I totally agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。
  • They could not agree about who should do the work.对于谁该做这项工作,他们意见不一致。
16 gave YgSxz     
vbl.(give的过去式)给予,产生,发表
参考例句:
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱,我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图,这样你就不会迷路了。
17 side Ay6w0     
n.边,旁边;面,侧面
参考例句:
  • The shop is on the west side of the street.商店在街道的西边。
  • There was a lot of people on every side. 到处都是人。
18 devote NlSzu     
vt.将…奉献(给),把...专用于,致力于
参考例句:
  • I devote myself to helping the poor.我致力于帮助穷人。
  • He is determined to devote his life to sicence.他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
19 French EiLxQ     
adj.法国(人)的,法语的;n.法语;vt.剁肉,蔬菜切成长条
参考例句:
  • She reads French quite well,but doesn't speak it.她法语的阅读能力相当强,但不会讲。
  • The only French city she enjoyed was Paris.巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。
20 took indwq     
vt.带,载(take的过去式)
参考例句:
  • I took my dog for a walk along the river.我带着狗沿那条河散步。
  • It took me about two hours to cook the meat.我花了大约两个小时来煮这些肉。
21 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句:
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
22 dictionary OvvxO     
n.词典,字典,辞典
参考例句:
  • I have a new dictionary.我有一本新字典。
  • This is a very good dictionary.这是一本非常好的词典。
23 interest bRbzu     
v.引起…关注;使…感兴趣
参考例句:
  • She lost interest in him.她对他失去兴趣。
  • He developed an interest in science.他养成了对科学的兴趣。
24 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
25 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
26 important wcIzI     
adj.重要的;重大的;严重的
参考例句:
  • It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
  • This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。
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