第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇：A Miracle Cancer cure
Unless you have gone through the experience yourself, or watched a loved one’s struggle, you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you. You pray, you rage, you bargain with God, but most of all you clutch at any hope, no matter how remote, of a second chance at life.
For a few excited days last week, however, it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve¹. Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times, all anybody was talking about – on the radio, on television, on the Internet, in phone calls to friends and relatives – was the report that a combination of two new drugs could, as the Times put it, cure cancer in two years.
In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors’ phone lines begging for a chance to test the miracle cancer cure. Cancer scientists raced to the phones and fax lines to make sure everyone knew about their research too, generating a new round of headlines.
The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer. Only last month scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamoxifen – and offering it to patients getting the placebo² – because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer (although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine cancer). Two weeks later came the New York Times’ report that two new drugs can shrink tumors of every variety without any side effects whatsoever³.
It all seemed too good to be true, and of course it was. There are no miracle cancer drugs, at least not yet. At this stage all the drug manufacturer can offer is some very interesting molecules⁴, and the only cancers they have cures so far have been in mice. By the middle of last week, even the most breathless TV talk-show hosts had learned what every scientist already knew: that curing a disease in lab animals is not the same as doing it in humans. “The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancers in the mouse,” Dr. Richard Klausner, head of the National Cancer Institute, told the Los Angles Times. “We have cured mice of cancer for decades – and it simply didn’t work in people.”
1． The first paragraph describes people’s ___ after they know they or their loved ones have cancer.
A. complex feelings
B. desire to live long
C. hatred⁶ of God
D. love of their family
2. What caused all the people to talk about cancer?
A. New York Times published a medical news story
B. Radio broadcast a medical news story
C. TV showed a film about cancer
D. The Internet had a story about cancer
3. According to the New York Times report, the two drugs can ___.
A. cure all kinds of tumors but with side effects
B. cure all kinds of tumors without side effects
C. shrink all kinds of tumors but with side effects
D. shrink all kinds of tumors without side effects
4. What is the meaning of the statement “It all seemed too good to be true, and of course it was.”?
A. The news seemed very good and real and it was good.
B. The news seemed very good, but not so real, and it was false.
C. The news seemed not good, but real, and it was not good.
D. The news seemed not good, but real, and it was not good.
5. What can the new drugs really do?
A. it can cure all cancers
B. it can cure nothing
C. it can only cure cancer in mice
D. it can cure cancer in all animals

第2篇：ulcers
Even though ulcers⁸ appear to run in families，lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic⁹
factors in causing the illness，according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine．
In particular ，smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain．releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing all ulcer⁷．
Overall，61％of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors，such as smoking, and the remaining 39％is due to genes¹⁰ according to Dr．Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki，Finland．Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori ，the bacteria that can cause ulcers．However。the new study suggests this is unlikely，according to the report．
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 1 3，000 pairs of twins“to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease．”they explain．Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically¹¹ the same as compared with a par⁵ of fraternal twins，suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development．
However，the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame．“Environmental effects were not due to factors shared by family members ，and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the Use of analgesics¹² in women，”the authors wrote．“The minor¹³ effects of shared environment to disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of risk factors，such as H.pylori infection，would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease,”they concluded．
词汇：
ulcer／n．溃疡
lifestyle／n．生活方式
genetic／adj．基因的，遗传(性)的
stress／n．压力，紧张，造成紧张的因素
overall／adv．总的说来，大体上
environmental／adj．环境的，有关环境(保护)的
gene／n．基因
colleague／n．同事，同僚
bacteria／n．【bacterium的复数】细菌
peptic／adj．消化性的 ．
fraternal／adj．异卵双生的，两合子的
susceptibility／n．敏感性，过敏性
analgesic／n．止痛剂，镇痛药
liability／n．倾向
练习：
1．According to the passage，which of the following is a very likely cause of ulcer in men?
A)Smoking and stress．
B)Drinking and smoking．
C)Genes and children．
D)Use of a certain medicine．
2．What factors contribute to over half the ulcers?
A)Hereditary factors．
B)Economic factors．
C)Environmental factors．
D)Genetic factors．
3．In relation to ulcers，experts study twins in order to examine
A)the roles of genetic factors．
B)the roles of environmental factors．
C)the roles of both genetic and environmental factors．
D)the roles of brotherhood¹⁴．
4．”Environmental effects” in the fourth paragraph refers to effects brought about by
A)a clean environment．
B)smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in women．
C)factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat．
D)shared exposure to H. pylori infection．
5．The passage argues that
A)ulcers are related to genes．
B)ulcers are chiefly related to lifestyle．
C)ulcers appear in men and women．
D)ulcers are caused by pylori infection

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