试题:
　　1. Fill out the blanks with the proper form of the words given (1 --5) and choose the best answer (6--10)
　　1.It’s no use _________(you, tell) me not to worry.
　　2.He was chosen because of __________(he, be)a fully¹ qualified² engineer.
　　3.There is no need for _________(the problem, discuss).
　　4.I don’t like_________(young people, smoke).
　　5.The seaman³ told us a story about___________(a ship, sink)by the enemy in the war.
　　6. It was unsafe to enter the building __________by fire.
　　A .damaging B. damaged C. having damaged D. having been damaged
　　7. A conservationist is a person __________to protect our natural resources and to help us to make wise use of them.
　　A. having been worked B. being worked C. having worked D. working
　　8. The two points on Earth __________the North Pole and the South Pole are the ends of Earth’s axis⁴.
　　A. to call B. to be called C. called D. calling
　　9. Water is __________to a hot, thirsty traveler.
　　A. refreshed B. refreshing⁵ C. being refreshed D. having refreshed
　　10. The traveler seemed ___________by cool drinks and went on his journey.
　　A. refreshed B. refreshing C. to refresh D. having refreshed

　　2. Choose the best answer to the Questions following the passage given below, paying attention to the gerunds and participles in the passage.
　　难度系数：B，C级
　　How Animals Keep Warm
　　Man has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend themselves? They can not reason in the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts. One of these instincts is known as hibernation⁶.
　　" Sleeping like a dormouse " is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating⁷ animals have reached a well-nourished state. They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive. Safe in their nests, or burrows⁹, they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
　　Bats, tortoises, snakes, even insects like butterflies, hibernate¹⁰ more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels, sleep during coldest weather but are roused by a warm spell. During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically. Breathing and heartbeats almost cease.
　　Another instinctive¹¹ method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration¹². Wild swans, seagulls, swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles, twice a year, to avoid cold. Many animals. Especially those of the Arctic regions, have summer and winter quarters. The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer¹³ of Europe, move southward towards the forests when winter approaches. They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.
　　There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold. Their instinctive means of defense¹⁴ is to dig out a deep burrow⁸, made soft and warm by padding out with straw, leaves, moss¹⁵ and further. In it they have a " secret place " containing food which they hope will last the winter through! Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox, the rabbit and the ermine, and the little field-mice.
　　11. How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter?
　　A) It moves about to keep warm.
　　B) It grows thicker fur.
　　C) It sleeps continuously.
　　D) It goes to warmer areas.
　　12. What keeps animals alive during hibernation?
　　A) The fat stored in their bodies.
　　B) Their thick fur.
　　C) Their warm burrows.
　　D) Their deep sleep.
　　13. During hibernation, animals breathe
　　A) normally.
　　B) at a slower rate.
　　C) at a faster rate.
　　D) irregularly.
　　14. According to the passage, what is " migration"?
　　A) Moving from one place to another with the season.
　　B) Living in burrows in winter.
　　C) Travelling in the winter months.
　　D) Leaving one's own country for another.
　　15. How does ermines survive in winter?
　　A) They leave their cosy¹⁶ burrows and migrate to warmer lands.
　　B) They sleep soundly inside their burrows in winter.
　　C) They dig out burrows and store them with enough food.
　　D) They stay in their burrows and live on the food stored there.

　　难度系数： C级
　　Tipping
　　In many countries there is a fixed¹⁷ charge for personal services. A certain percentage may be added to the bill at a hotel or restaurant " for the service ". In other places the customer may be expected to give a tip, or a small money, as a sign of appreciation¹⁸ whenever services are performed. In the United States there is no consistent practice in regard to tipping. The custom is more common in a large city than in a small town. A native American may often be in doubt about when and how much to tip when he is in a city that is strange to him. In general, however, a tip is expected by the porter who carries your baggage, by taxi drivers (except, perhaps, in small towns), and by those who serve hotels and restaurants.
　　When you pick up your incoming luggage at an airport, you may tip the man who takes it to the taxi or airport bus. He usually expects 35 cents a bag for his service. In some cities the taxi that takes you to your hotel may have one meter that shows the cost of the trip and another that shows a fixed charge, usually about 20 cents, for " extra ". In some cities the taxi diver may expect a tip in addition to the " extra ", especially if he carries your suitcase. If no " extra " is charged, a tip is usually given. Hotels generally do not make a service charge, though there are places where one is added. It is customary, however, to give something to the porter who carries your suitcase and shows you to your room. In case of doubt, 35 cents for each bag he carries is satisfactory. In a restaurant you generally leave about 15 percent of the bill in small change on that table as a tip for the person who has served you. A service charge is generally not included except in some of the larger, more expensive places. If the order is small --- a cup of coffee at a lunch counter, or something of the sort -- a tip is not usually expected.
　　16. According to the passage, the practice of giving tips
　　A) is consistent throughout the world.
　　B) varies from place to place in the USA.
　　C) is consistent in large towns in the USA.
　　D) is consistent in small towns in the USA.
　　17. According to the passage, the following are the people one may tip EXCEPT
　　A) porters.
　　B) taxi drivers.
　　C) waiters.
　　D) cleaners.
　　18. According to the passage, which of the following is INCORRECT?
　　A) " Extra " is a fixed charge in some cities.
　　B) " Extra " is similar to a tip in some cases.
　　C) If the " extra " is paid, one doesn't tip any more.
　　D) Some hotels require people to pay a service charge.
　　19. According to the passage, the amount of money for a tip
　　A) is the same across restaurants and hotels .
　　B) depends on how much one pays for his meal.
　　C) generally varies according to the size of one's bag in a hotel.
　　D) is usually small for a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.
　　20. From the passage we learnt that
　　A) Americans sometimes are not sure how to tip.
　　B) people in large towns know more about tipping.
　　C)one has to tip no matter how big or small the order is.
　　D) people sometimes don't tip when they are not satisfied。