二、部分倒装
　　1.否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词语置于句首作为句首状语时，一般必须采用部分倒装语序。
　　具有否定或半否定意义的词和词组有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(决不), in no way(决不), in/under no circumstances(决不), in no case(决不), on no account(决不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：
　　Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我从来未看见过这样美丽的公园。
　　Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.
　　No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我刚出去，就下雨了。
　　Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.
　　Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇见他。
　　Comp: I have seldom met him recently.
　　Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).无论在什么情况下我们都不会首先使用核武器。
　　Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.
　　Not only did he refuse(拒绝) the gift, he also severely¹(严厉地) criticized² (批评)the young sender.他不仅拒绝收礼，而且严厉地批评了年轻的送礼者。
　　Comp: He not only refused the gift, he (but) also severely criticized the young sender.
　　2.当置于句首的宾语是nothing, no one, nobody等否定词，或被not a修饰时，句子要部分倒装。如：
　　Nothing would the poor child reply(回答).那个可怜的孩子什么也不回答。
　　Comp: The poor child would reply nothing.
　　Not a single word did Tom speak.汤姆一句话也不说。
　　Comp: Tom did not speak a single word.
　　3.“only + 副词、介词短语、状语从句”位于句首，即当句首状语由only修饰时，需要采用部分倒装。如：
　　Only in Beijing have I seen so beautiful scenery(景色).只有在北京我才见过这样美丽的景色。
　　Comp: I have seen so beautiful scenery only in Beijing.
　　Only if/when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.只有病得很重时，他才会躺在床上。
　　Comp: He stays in bed only when he is seriously ill.
　　4.“so……that”结构中的“so+状语”位于句首表示强调时，需要部分倒装。如：
　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他说话声大的隔壁的人都能听得见。
　　Comp: He spoke³ so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
　　5.由so(neither, nor)指代前面一句的内容表示“也是(也不)”的意义时，通常位于句首，并引起倒装, 如：
　　Tom can’t speak French. Nor(Neither) can Jack⁴.汤姆不会讲法语，杰克也不会讲。
　　He has finished his work, and so have I.他已经完成了工作，我也是。
　　注意：当so 引出的句子是对上文的内容加以证实或肯定时，不用倒装。例：
　　“Bill will win the prize.”—so(是的)he will.
　　6.用于were, had或should等词开头的虚拟条件句(即省略了if的虚拟条件句中)，也引起部分倒装，但如从句中没有were, had或should,则不能这样做。如：
　　Should he come, tell him to ring me up。他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
　　Comp: If he should come,...
　　Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我处于你的位置上，我就去。
　　Comp: If I were in your position, ...
　　Had they not helped us, our experiment(实验) would have failed(失败).如果没有他们的帮助，我们的实验是会失败的。
　　Comp: If they had not helped us, ...
　　7.以no matter how或however引导的让步状语从句，会出现倒装的情况，如：
　　No matter how busy he is, he has to attend (出席)the meeting,无论多忙，他都得去参加会议。
　　However cold it is, he always goes swimming(去游泳).无论多冷他总是去游泳。
　　当对as等引导的分句中的形容词、分词、副词强调时，一般采取以下倒装结构：形容词/分词/副词/+as/ +主语+谓语
　　Strong as he is, he cannot lift(举起) the big stone.尽管他很强壮，他仍然举不起这块大石头。