中华人民共和国政府和突尼斯共和国政府关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定

中华人民共和国政府和突尼斯共和国政府，愿意缔结关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定，达成协议如下：

　　第一条　人的范围

　　本协定适用于缔约国一方或者同时为双方居民的人。

　　第二条　税种范围

　　一、本协定适用于由缔约国一方或其行政区或其地方当局对所得征收的所有税收，不论其征收方式如何。

　　二、对全部所得或某项所得征收的税收，包括对来自转让动产或不动产的收益征收的税收，以及对资本增值征收的税收，应视为对所得征收的税收。

　　三、本协定特别适用的现行税种是：

　　（一）在中国：

　　1．个人所得税；

　　2．外商投资企业和外国企业所得税。

　　（以下简称"中国税收"）

　　（二）在突尼斯共和国：

　　1．所得税；

　　2．公司税。

　　（以下简称"突尼斯税收"）

　　四、本协定也适用于本协定签订之日后征收的属于增加或者代替现行税种的相同或者实质相似的税收。缔约国双方主管当局应将各自税法所做出的实质性变动通知对方。

　　第三条　一般定义

　　一、在本协定中，除上下文另有解释的以外：

　　（一）"中国"一语是指中华人民共和国。用于地理概念时，是指实施有关中国税收法律的所有中华人民共和国领土，包括领海，以及根据国际法，中华人民共和国拥有勘探和开发海底和底土资源以及海底以上水域资源的主权权利的领海以外的区域；

　　（二）"突尼斯"一语是指突尼斯共和国领土，包括与其领水毗邻的区域及其上空以及根据国际法，突尼斯能够行使权利的海床、海洋底土及其自然资源；

　　（三）"缔约国一方"和"缔约国另一方"的用语，按照上下文，是指中国或者突尼斯；

　　（四）"税收"一语按照上下文，是指中国税收或者突尼斯税收；

　　（五）"人"一语包括个人、公司和其它团体；

　　（六）"公司"一语是指法人团体或者在税收上视同法人团体的实体；（七）"缔约国一方企业"和"缔约国另一方企业"的用语，分别指缔约国一方居民经营的企业和缔约国另一方居民经营的企业；

　　（八）"国民"一语是指：1．任何具有缔约国一方国籍的个人；

　　2．任何按照缔约国一方现行法律建立的法人、合伙企业或团体。

　　（九）"国际运输"一语是指在缔约国一方设有总机构（实际管理机构）的企业以船舶或飞机经营的运输，不包括仅在缔约国另一方各地之间以船舶或飞机经营的运输；

　　（十）"主管当局"一语，在中国方面是指国家税务总局或其授权的代表；在突尼斯方面是指财政部部长或其授权的代表。

　　二、缔约国一方在实施本协定时，对于未经本协定明确定义的用语，除上下文另有解释的以外，应当具有该缔约国适用于本协定的税种的法律所规定的含义。

　　第四条　居民

　　一、在本协定中，"缔约国一方居民"一语是指按照该缔约国法律，由于住所、居所、总机构（实际管理机构）所在地，或者其它类似的标准，在该缔约国负有纳税义务的人。

　　二、由于第一款的规定，同时为缔约国双方居民的个人，其身份应按以下规则确定：

　　（一）应认为是其有永久性住所所在缔约国的居民；如果在缔约国双方同时有永久性住所，应认为是与其个人和经济关系更密切（重要利益中心）所在缔约国的居民；

　　（二）如果其重要利益中心所在国无法确定，或者在缔约国任何一方都没有永久性住所，应认为是其有习惯性居处所在国的居民；

　　（三）如果其在缔约国双方都有，或者都没有习惯性居处，应认为是其国民所属缔约国的居民；

　　（四）如果其同时是缔约国双方的国民，或者不是缔约国任何一方的国民，缔约国双方主管当局应通过协商解决。

　　三、由于第一款的规定，除个人以外，同时为缔约国双方居民的人，应认为是其总机构（实际管理机构）所在缔约国的居民。

　　第五条　常设机构

　　一、在本协定中，"常设机构"一语是指企业进行全部或部分营业的固定营业场所。

　　二、"常设机构"一语特别包括：

　　（一）管理场所；

　　（二）分支机构；

　　（三）办事处；

　　（四）工厂；

　　（五）作业场所；

　　（六）矿场、油井或气井、采石场或者其它开采自然资源的场所。

　　三、"常设机构"一语还包括：

　　建筑工地，建筑、装配或安装工程，或者与其有关的监督管理活动，但仅以该工地、工程或活动连续六个月以上的为限。

　　四、虽有本条上述规定，"常设机构"一语应认为不包括：

　　（一）专为储存、陈列或者交付本企业货物或者商品的目的而使用的设施；

　　（二）专为储存、陈列或者交付的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；

　　（三）专为另一企业加工的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；

　　（四）专为本企业采购货物或者商品，或者搜集情报的目的所设的固定营业场所；

　　（五）专为本企业进行其它准备性或辅助性活动的目的所设的固定营业场所；

　　（六）专为本款第（一）项至第（五）项活动的结合所设的固定营业场所，如果由于这种结合使该固定营业场所的全部活动属于准备性质或辅助性质。

　　五、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，当一个人（除适用第七款规定的独立代理人以外）在缔约国一方代表缔约国另一方的企业进行活动，有权并经常行使这种权力以该企业的名义签订合同，这个人为该企业进行的任何活动，应认为该企业在该缔约国一方设有常设机构。除非这个人通过固定营业场所进行的活动限于第四款的规定，按照该款规定，不应认为该固定营业场所是常设机构。

　　六、虽有本条上述规定，缔约国一方的保险企业，除再保险以外，假如在缔约国另一方境内收取保费，或者通过人而非适用第七款的独立代理人，为发生在缔约国另一方境内的风险保险，则应被认为在缔约国另一方构成常设机构。

　　七、缔约国一方企业仅通过按常规经营本身业务的经纪人、一般佣金代理人或者任何其他独立代理人在缔约国另一方进行营业，不应认为在该缔约国另一方设有常设机构。但如果这个代理人的活动全部或几乎全部代表该企业，不应认为是本款所指的独立代理人。

　　八、缔约国一方居民公司，控制或被控制于缔约国另一方居民公司或者在该缔约国另一方进行营业的公司（不论是否通过常设机构），此项事实不能据以使任何一方公司构成另一方公司的常设机构。

　　第六条　不动产所得

　　一、缔约国一方居民从位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的所得（包括农业或林业所得），可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、"不动产"一语应当具有财产所在地的缔约国的法律所规定的含义。该用语在任何情况下应包括附属于不动产的财产，农业和林业所使用的牲畜和设备，有关地产的一般法律规定所适用的权利，不动产的用益权以及由于开采或有权开采矿藏、水源和其它自然资源取得的不固定或固定收入的权利。船舶和飞机不应视为不动产。

　　三、第一款的规定应适用于从直接使用、出租或者任何其它形式使用不动产取得的所得。

　　四、第一款和第三款的规定也适用于企业的不动产所得和用于进行独立个人劳务的不动产所得。

　　第七条　营业利润

　　一、缔约国一方企业的利润应仅在该缔约国征税，但该企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业的除外。如果该企业通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，其利润可以在该缔约国另一方征税，但应仅以属于该常设机构的利润为限。

　　二、除适用第三款的规定以外，缔约国一方企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，应将该常设机构视同在相同或类似情况下从事相同或类似活动的独立分设企业，并同该常设机构所隶属的企业完全独立处理，该常设机构可能得到的利润在缔约国各方应归属于该常设机构。

　　三、在确定常设机构的利润时，应当允许扣除其进行营业发生的各项费用，包括行政和一般管理费用，不论其发生于该常设机构所在国或者其它任何地方。但是，常设机构使用专利或者其他权利支付给企业总机构或该企业其他办事处的特许权使用费、报酬或其他类似款项，具体服务或管理的佣金，以及向其借款所支付的利息，银行企业除外，都不得作任何扣除（属于偿还代垫实际发生的费用除外）。同样，在确定常设机构的利润时，也不考虑该常设机构从企业总机构或该企业其他办事处取得的专利和其他权利的特许权使用费、报酬或其他类似款项，具体服务或管理的佣金，以及贷款给该企业总机构或该企业其他办事处所取得的利息，银行企业除外（属于偿还代垫实际发生的费用除外）。

　　四、如果缔约国一方习惯于以企业总利润按一定比例分配给所属各单位的方法来确定常设机构的利润，则第二款规定并不妨碍该缔约国按这种习惯分配方法确定其应纳税的利润。但是，采用的分配方法所得到的结果，应与本条所规定的原则一致。

　　五、不应仅由于常设机构为企业采购货物或商品，将利润归属于该常设机构。

　　六、在上述各款中，除有适当的和充分的理由需要变动外，每年应采用相同的方法确定属于常设机构的利润。

　　七、利润中如果包括本协定其它各条单独规定的所得项目时，本条规定不应影响其它各条的规定。

　　第八条　海运和空运

　　一、以船舶或飞机经营国际运输业务所取得的利润，应仅在企业总机构（实际管理机构）所在缔约国征税。

　　二、船运企业的总机构（实际管理机构）设在船舶上的，应以船舶母港所在缔约国为所在国；没有母港的，以船舶经营者为其居民的缔约国为所在国。

　　三、第一款规定也适用于参加合伙经营、联合经营或者参加国际经营机构取得的利润。

　　第九条　联属企业

　　一、当：

　　（一）缔约国一方企业直接或者间接参与缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，或者

　　（二）同一人直接或者间接参与缔约国一方企业和缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，

　　在上述任何一种情况下，两个企业之间的商业或财务关系不同于独立企业之间的关系，因此，本应由其中一个企业取得，但由于这些情况而没有取得的利润，可以计入该企业的利润，并据以征税。

　　二、缔约国一方将缔约国另一方已征税的企业利润，而这部分利润本应由该缔约国一方企业取得的，包括在该缔约国一方企业的利润内，并且加以征税时，如果这两个企业之间的关系是独立企业之间的关系，该缔约国另一方应对这部分利润所征收的税额加以调整，在确定上述调整时，应对本协定其它规定予以注意，如有必要，缔约国双方主管当局应相互协商。

　　第十条　股息

　　一、缔约国一方居民公司支付给缔约国另一方居民的股息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、然而，这些股息也可以在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国，按照该缔约国法律征税。但是，如果收款人是股息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过股息总额的百分之八。缔约国双方主管当局应协商确定实施该限制税率的方式。

　　本款不应影响对该公司支付股息前的利润所征收的公司利润税。

　　三、本条"股息"一语是指从股份或者非债权关系分享利润的权利取得的所得，以及按照分配利润的公司是其居民的缔约国法律，视同股份所得同样征税的其它公司权利取得的所得。

　　四、如果股息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付股息的股份与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

　　五、缔约国一方居民公司从缔约国另一方取得利润或所得，该缔约国另一方不得对该公司支付的股息征收任何税收。但支付给该缔约国另一方居民的股息或者据以支付股息的股份与设在缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的除外。对于该公司的未分配的利润，即使支付的股息或未分配的利润全部或部分是发生于该缔约国另一方的利润或所得，该缔约国另一方也不得征收任何税收。

　　第十一条　利息

　　一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、然而，这些利息也可以在该利息发生的缔约国，按照该缔约国的法律征税。但是，如果收款人是利息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过利息总额的百分之十。缔约国双方主管当局应协商确定实施限制税率的方式。

　　三、虽有第二款的规定，发生于缔约国一方而为缔约国另一方政府、地方当局及其中央银行或者完全为其政府所有的金融机构取得的利息；或者为该缔约国另一方居民取得的利息，其债权是由该缔约国另一方政府、地方当局及其中央银行或者完全为其政府所有的金融机构间接提供资金的，应在该缔约国一方免税。

　　四、本条"利息"一语是指从各种债权取得的所得，不论其有无抵押担保或者是否有权分享债务人的利润；特别是从公债、债券或者信用债券取得的所得，包括其溢价和奖金。由于延期支付的罚款，不应视为本条所规定的利息。

　　五、如果利息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在利息发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该利息的债权与该常设机构或者固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款、第二款和第三款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

　　六、如果支付利息的人为缔约国一方政府、地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该利息发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付利息的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该利息的债务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担利息，上述利息应认为发生于该常设机构或固定基地所在缔约国。

　　七、由于支付利息的人与受益所有人之间或者他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关债权所支付的利息数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其它规定予以适当注意。

　　第十二条　特许权使用费

　　一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的特许权使用费，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、然而，这些特许权使用费也可以在其发生的缔约国，按照该缔约国的法律征税。但是，如果收款人是特许权使用费受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过：

　　（一）为使用或有权使用文学、艺术或科学著作，包括电影影片、无线电或电视广播使用的胶片、磁带的版权，专利、商标、设计或模型、图纸、秘密配方或秘密程序所支付的作为报酬的各种款项，或者使用或有权使用工业、商业、科学经验而支付的特许权使用费总额的百分之十；

　　（二）为技术或经济研究或技术援助而支付的特许权使用费总额的百分之五。

　　缔约国双方主管当局应协商确定实施限制税率的方式。

　　三、如果特许权使用费受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在特许权使用费发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该特许权使用费的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

　　四、如果支付特许权使用费的人是缔约国一方政府、地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该特许权使用费发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付特许权使用费的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该特许权使用费的义务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担这种特许权使用费，上述特许权使用费应认为发生于该常设机构或者固定基地所在缔约国。

　　五、由于支付特许权使用费的人与受益所有人之间或他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关使用、权利或情报支付的特许权使用费数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其它规定予以适当注意。

　　第十三条　财产收益

　　一、缔约国一方居民转让第六条所述位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、转让缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方的常设机构营业财产部分的动产，或者缔约国一方居民在缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务的固定基地的动产取得的收益，包括转让常设机构（单独或者随同整个企业）或者固定基地取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　三、转让从事国际运输的船舶或飞机，或者转让属于经营上述船舶、飞机的动产取得的收益，应仅在该企业总机构（实际管理机构）所在缔约国征税。

　　四、转让第一款至第三款所述财产以外的其它财产取得的收益，应仅在转让者为其居民的缔约国征税。

　　第十四条　独立个人劳务

　　一、缔约国一方居民由于专业性劳务或者其它独立性活动取得的所得，应仅在该缔约国征税。但具有以下情况之一的，可以在缔约国另一方征税：

　　（一）在缔约国另一方为从事上述活动设有经常使用的固定基地。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对属于该固定基地的所得征税；

　　（二）在有关财政年度开始或终了的任何十二个月中在缔约国另一方停留连续或累计达到或超过一百八十三天。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对在该缔约国进行活动取得的所得征税。

　　二、"专业性劳务"一语特别包括独立的科学、文学、艺术、教育或教学活动，以及医师、律师、工程师、建筑师、牙医师和会计师的独立活动。

　　第十五条　非独立个人劳务

　　一、除适用第十六条、第十八条、第十九条、第二十条和第二十一条的规定以外，缔约国一方居民因受雇取得的薪金、工资和其它类似报酬除在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动以外，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。在该缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、虽有第一款的规定，缔约国一方居民因在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，同时具有以下三个条件的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税：

　　（一）收款人在有关财政年度开始或终了的任何十二个月中在该缔约国另一方停留连续或累计不超过一百八十三天；

　　（二）该项报酬由并非该缔约国另一方居民的雇主支付或代表该雇主支付；

　　（三）该项报酬不是由雇主设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地所负担。

　　三、虽有本条上述规定，在缔约国一方企业经营国际运输的船舶或飞机上从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，应仅在该企业总机构（实际管理机构）所在缔约国征税。

　　第十六条　董事费

　　缔约国一方居民作为缔约国另一方居民公司的董事会成员取得的董事费和其它类似款项，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　第十七条　艺术家和运动员

　　一、虽有第十四条和第十五条的规定，缔约国一方居民，作为表演家，如戏剧、电影、广播或电视艺术家、音乐家或作为运动员，在缔约国另一方从事其个人活动取得的所得，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、虽有第七条、第十四条和第十五条的规定，表演家或运动员从事其个人活动取得的所得，并非归属表演家或运动员本人，而是归属于其他人，可以在该表演家或运动员从事其活动的缔约国征税。

　　三、虽有本条上述规定，作为缔约国一方居民的表演家或运动员在缔约国另一方按照缔约国双方政府的文化交流计划进行活动取得的所得，在该缔约国另一方应予免税。

　　第十八条　退休金

　　一、除适用第十九条第二款的规定以外，因以前的雇佣关系支付给缔约国一方居民的退休金和其它类似报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

　　二、虽有第一款的规定，缔约国一方政府或行政区或地方当局按社会保险制度的公共福利计划支付的退休金和其它类似款项，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

　　第十九条　政府服务

　　一、（一）缔约国一方政府或行政区或地方当局对履行政府职责向其提供服务的个人支付的退休金以外的报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

　　（二）但是，如果该项服务是在缔约国另一方提供，而且提供服务的个人是该缔约国另一方居民，并且该居民：

　　1．是该缔约国另一方国民；或者

　　2．不是仅由于提供该项服务，而成为该缔约国另一方的居民；

　　该项报酬，应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　二、（一）缔约国一方政府或地方当局支付或者从其建立的基金中支付给向其提供服务的个人的退休金，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

　　（二）但是，如果提供服务的个人是缔约国另一方居民，并且是其国民的，该项退休金应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。

　　三、第十五条、第十六条、第十七条和第十八条的规定，应适用于向缔约国一方政府或行政区或地方当局举办的事业提供服务取得的报酬和退休金。

　　第二十条　教师和研究人员

　　一、任何个人是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，主要是为了在该缔约国一方的大学、学院、学校或为该缔约国一方政府承认的教育机构和科研机构从事教学、讲学或研究的目的，停留在该缔约国一方。对其由于教学、讲学或研究取得的报酬，该缔约国一方应自其第一次到达之日起，两年内免予征税。

　　二、本条第一款的规定不适用于不是为了公共利益而主要是为某个人或某些人的私利从事研究取得的所得。

　　第二十一条　学生和实习人员

　　一、学生、企业学徒或实习生是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，仅由于接受教育或培训的目的，停留在该缔约国一方，对其为了维持生活、接受教育或培训的目的收到的来源于该缔约国以外的款项，该缔约国一方应免予征税。

　　二、第一款所述学生、企业学徒或实习生取得的不包括在第一款内的赠款、奖学金和劳务报酬，在接受教育或培训期间，应与其所停留国居民享受同样的免税、优惠或减税。

　　第二十二条　其它所得

　　一、缔约国一方居民取得的各项所得，不论在什么地方发生的，凡本协定上述各条未作规定的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

　　二、第六条第二款规定的不动产所得以外的其它所得，如果所得收款人为缔约国一方居民，通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地在该缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务，据以支付所得的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况分别适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

　　第二十三条　消除双重征税方法

　　一、当缔约国一方居民从缔约国另一方取得所得，按照本协定规定在该缔约国另一方缴纳的所得税额，可以在首先提及的国家对该居民征收的税收中抵免。但是，抵免额不应超过首先提及的国家对该项所得按照税法和规章计算的税收数额。

　　二、如果从缔约国一方取得的所得是缔约国一方居民公司支付给缔约国另一方居民公司的股息，且该公司拥有支付股息公司至少百分之十股份时，该项抵免应考虑公司就支付股息的利润在首先提及的国家缴纳的税收。

　　三、根据该条第一、二款缴纳的税收，应认为包括本应缴纳的，但由于缔约国为了促进经济发展，通过法律规定有关减税、免税或者其他税收优惠而未缴纳的税收。

　　第二十四条　无差别待遇

　　一、缔约国一方国民在缔约国另一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国另一方国民在相同情况下（特别是关于居民身份），负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。虽有第一条的规定，本规定也应适用于不是缔约国一方或者双方居民的人。

　　二、缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方的常设机构的税收负担，不应高于该缔约国另一方对其本国进行同样活动的企业。本规定不应理解为缔约国一方由于民事地位、家庭负担给予该缔约国居民的任何扣除、优惠和减免也必须给予该缔约国另一方居民。

　　三、除适用第九条第一款、第十一条第七款或第十二条第六款的规定外，缔约国一方企业支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息、特许权使用费和其它款项，在确定该企业应纳税利润时，应与在同样情况下支付给该缔约国一方居民同样予以扣除。

　　四、缔约国一方企业的资本全部或部分，直接或间接为缔约国另一方一个或一个以上的居民拥有或控制，该企业在该缔约国一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国一方其它同类企业的负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。

　　第二十五条　相互协商程序

　　一、当一个人认为，缔约国一方或者双方所采取的措施，导致或将导致对其不符合本协定规定的征税时，可以不考虑各缔约国国内法律的补救办法，将案情提交本人为其居民的缔约国主管当局；或者如果其案情属于第二十四条第一款，可以提交本人为其国民的缔约国主管当局。该项案情必须在不符合本协定规定的征税措施第一次通知之日起，三年内提出。

　　二、上述主管当局如果认为所提意见合理，又不能单方面圆满解决时，应设法同缔约国另一方主管当局相互协商解决，以避免不符合本协定的征税。达成的协议应予执行，而不受各缔约国国内法律的时间限制。

　　三、缔约国双方主管当局应通过协议设法解决在解释或实施本协定时所发生的困难或疑义，也可以对本协定未作规定的消除双重征税问题进行协商。

　　四、缔约国双方主管当局为达成第二款和第三款的协议，可以相互直接联系。为有助于达成协议，双方主管当局的代表可以进行会谈，口头交换意见。

　　第二十六条　情报交换

　　一、缔约国双方主管当局应交换为实施本协定的规定所需要的情报，或缔约国双方关于本协定所涉及的税种的国内法律的规定所需要的情报（以根据这些法律征税与本协定不相抵触为限），特别是防止偷漏税的情报。情报交换不受第一条的限制。缔约国一方收到的情报应作密件处理，仅应告知与本协定所含税种有关的查定、征收、执行、起诉或裁决上诉的有关人员或当局（包括法院和行政管理部门）。上述人员或当局应仅为上述目的使用该情报，但可以在公开法庭的诉讼程序或法庭判决中公开有关情报。

　　二、第一款的规定在任何情况下，不应被理解为缔约国一方有以下义务：

　　（一）采取与该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律和行政惯例相违背的行政措施；

　　（二）提供按照该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律或正常行政渠道不能得到的情报；

　　（三）提供泄露任何贸易、经营、工业、商业、专业秘密、贸易过程的情报或者泄露会违反公共政策（公共秩序）的情报。

　　第二十七条　外交代表和领事官员

　　本协定应不影响按国际法一般规则或特别协定规定的外交代表或领事官员的税收特权。

　　第二十八条　生效

　　本协定在缔约国双方交换外交照会确认已履行为本协定生效所必需的各自的法律程序之日起的第三十天开始生效。本协定将适用于在协定生效年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度中取得的所得。

　　第二十九条　终止

　　本协定应长期有效。但缔约国任何一方可以在本协定生效之日起满五年后任何历年六月三十日或以前，通过外交途径书面通知对方终止本协定。在这种情况下，本协定对终止通知发出年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度中取得的所得停止有效。

　　下列代表，经正式授权，已在本协定上签字为证。

　　本协定于二00二年四月十六日在突尼斯签订，一式两份，每份都用中文、阿拉伯文、法文和英文写成，所有文本具有同等效力。在解释上遇有分歧时以英文为准。

　　中华人民共和国政府代表　　　　 突尼斯共和国政府代表

　　对外贸易经济合作部部长　　　　　　　财政部部长

　　　　　　石广生　　　　　　　　　　陶菲克·巴卡尔

AGREEMENTBETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIAFOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION¹ AND THE PREVENTIONOF FISCAL² EVASION³ WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME

The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Tunisia, Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, Have agreed as follows:

　　Article 1 PERSONAL SCOPE

　　This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

　　Article 2 TAXES COVERED

　　1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied⁵.

　　2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation⁶ of movable or immovable property, as well as taxes on capital appreciation⁷.

　　3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are in particular:

　　a） in China:

　　（i） the individual income tax;

　　（ii） the income tax for enterprises with foreign investment and foreign enterprises.

　　（hereinafter referred to as "Chinese tax"）

　　b） in Tunisia:

　　（i） the income tax;

　　（ii） the corporation tax.

　　（hereinafter referred to as "Tunisian tax"）

　　4. The Agreement shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.

　　Article 3 GENERAL DEFINITIONS

　　1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

　　a） the term "China" means the People's Republic of China; when used in geographical⁸ sense, means all the territory of the People's Republic of China, including its territorial⁹ sea, in which the Chinese laws relating to taxation apply, and any area beyond its territorial sea, within which the People's Republic of China has sovereign rights of exploration for and exploitation of resources of the sea-bed and its sub-soil and superjacent water resources in accordance with international law;

　　b） the term "Tunisia" means the territory of the Republic of Tunisia including any area adjacent to the territorial waters of Tunisia and its space area on which, in accordance with international law, Tunisia can exercise the rights pertaining¹⁰ to the sea-bed, marine¹¹ sub-soil and to their natural resources;

　　c） the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean China or Tunisia as the context requires;

　　d） the term "tax" means Chinese tax or Tunisian tax as the context requires;

　　e） the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;

　　f） the term "company" means any body corporate¹² or any entity¹³ which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;

　　g） the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean, respectively, an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;

　　h） the term "national" means:

　　（i） any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;

　　（ii） any legal person, partnership¹⁴ or association deriving¹⁵ its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State;

　　i） the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which has its head office （place of effective management） in a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely¹⁶ between places in the other Contracting State;

　　j） the term "competent authority" means, in the case of China, the State Administration of Taxation or its authorized¹⁷ representative, and in the case of Tunisia the Minister of finance or his authorized representative.

　　2. As regards the application of the Agreement by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that Contracting State concerning the taxes to which the Agreement applies.

　　Article 4 RESIDENT

　　1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of head office （place of effective management） or any other criterion of a similar nature.

　　2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined¹⁸ as follows:

　　a） he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; ifhe has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer （center of vital interests）;

　　b） ifthe State in which he has his center of vital interests cannot be determined, or ifhe has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual¹⁹ abode²⁰;

　　c） if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State of which he is a national;

　　d） if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual²¹ agreement.

　　3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which its head office （place of effective management） is situated²².

　　Article 5 PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

　　1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed²³ place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

　　2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially:

　　a） a place of management;

　　b） a branch;

　　c） an office;

　　d） a factory;

　　e） a workshop; and

　　f） a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry²⁴ or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

　　3. The term "permanent establishment" likewise encompasses²⁵:

　　a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than six months.

　　4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include:

　　a） the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;

　　b） the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;

　　c） the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;

　　d） the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;

　　e） the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary²⁶ character;

　　f） the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs a） to e）, provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

　　5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs I and 2, where a person—— other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies —— is acting⁴ in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, has and habitually²⁷ exercises an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.

　　6. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, an insurance enterprise ora Contracting State shall, except in regard to re-insurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums²⁸ in the territory of that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies.

　　7. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other State through a broker³⁰, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted³¹ wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise, he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.

　　8. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State （whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise）, shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

　　Article 6 INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

　　1. Income derived³² by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property （including income from agriculture or forestry³³） situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock³⁴ and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources. Ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

　　3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting or use in any other form of immovable property.

　　4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

　　Article 7 BUSINESS PROFITS

　　1. The profits of an enterprise ora Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State, but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.

　　2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing³⁵ wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

　　3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions³⁷ expenses which are incurred³⁸ for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative³⁹ expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere. However, no such deduction³⁶ shall be allowed in respect of amounts, if any, paid （otherwise than towards reimbursement⁴⁰ of actual expenses） by the permanent establishment to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties⁴¹, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of commission, for specific services performed or for management, or, except in the case of a banking⁴² enterprise, by way of interest on moneys lent to the permanent establishment. Likewise, no account shall be taken, in the determination of the profits ora permanent establishment, for amounts charged （otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses）, by the permanent establishment to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of commission for specific services perforrmed or for management, or, except in the case of a banking enterprise by way of interest on moneys lent to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices.

　　4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude⁴³ that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary. The method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.

　　5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere²⁹ purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

　　6. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

　　7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected⁴⁴ by the provisions of this Article.

　　Article 8 SHIPPING⁴⁵ AND AIR TRANSPORT

　　1. Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of head office （place of effective management） of the enterprise is situated.

　　2. Ifthe place of head office （place of effective management） of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbor of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbor, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.

　　3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation⁴⁶ in a pool, a joint⁴⁷ business or an international operating agency.

　　Article 9 ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

　　1. Where

　　a） an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly⁴⁸ in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

　　b） the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State, and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued⁴⁹ to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

　　2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State —— and taxes accordingly —— profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State ifthe conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall, if' necessary, consult each other.

　　Article 10 DIVIDENDS⁵¹

　　1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient⁵² is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed eight per cent of the gross amount of the dividends. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.

　　This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

　　3. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares, or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

　　4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

　　5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives⁵³ profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.

　　Article 11 INTEREST

　　1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but ifthe recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest the tax so charged shall not exceed ten per cent of the gross amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.

　　3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State and derived by the Government of the other Contracting State, a local authority and the Central Bank thereof or any financial institution wholly owned by the Govemment of that other State, or by any other resident of that other State with respect to debt-claims indirectly financed by the Government of that other State, a local authority, and the Central Bank thereof or any financial institution wholly owned by the Government of that other State, shall be exempt⁵⁴ from tax in the first-mentioned State.

　　4. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures⁵⁵, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.

　　5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply ifthe beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

　　6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that State, a local authority thereof or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

　　7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall applyonly to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

　　Article 12 ROYALTIES

　　1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but ifthe recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties, the tax so charged shall not exceed: - 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties paid for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic⁵⁶ or scientific work including cinematography films, or films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific experience; - 5 per cent of the gross mount of the royalties paid for technical or economic studies or for technical assistance. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.

　　3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

　　4. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State, a local authority thereof or a resident of that Contracting State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are home by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

　　5. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

　　Article 13 CAPITAL GAINS

　　1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment （alone or with the whole enterprise） or of such a fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.

　　3. Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of head office （place of effective management） of the enterprise is situated.

　　4. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1 to 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator⁵⁷ is a resident.

　　Article 14 INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

　　1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State except in one of the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:

　　a） ifhe has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other State;

　　b） if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate⁵⁸ 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other State may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.

　　Article 15 DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

　　1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. Ifthe employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if.'

　　a） the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and

　　b） the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and

　　c） the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.

　　3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of head office （place of effective management） of the enterprise is situated.

　　Article 16 DIRECTORS' FEES

　　Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

　　Article 17 ARTISTES AND SPORTSMEN

　　1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

　　2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues⁵⁹ not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.

　　3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, income derived by entertainers or sportsmen who are residents of a Contracting State from the activities exercised in the other Contracting State under a plan of cultural exchange between the Governments of both Contracting States shall be exempt from tax in that other State.

　　Article 18 PENSIONS

　　1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.

　　2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, pensions paid and other similar payments made by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof under a public welfare scheme of the social security system of that State shall be taxable only in that State.

　　Article 19 GOVERNMENT SERVICE

　　1. a） Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government of that State or a political subdivision or a local authority there of, in the discharge of functions of a governmental nature, shall be taxable only in that State.

　　b） However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State ifthe services are rendered in that other State and the individual is a resident of that other State who:

　　（i） is a national of that State; or

　　（ii） did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering⁶⁰ the services.

　　2. a） Any pension paid by, or out of funds to which contributions are made by the Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government of that State or a local authority thereof shall be taxable only in that State.

　　b） However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State ifthe individual is a resident of, and a national of, that other State.

　　3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or local authority thereof.

　　Article 20 TEACHERS AND RESEARCHERS

　　1. Remuneration which an individual who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State, a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State for the primary purpose of teaching, giving lectures or conducting research at a university, college, school or educational institution or scientific research institution recognized by the Government of the first-mentioned State derives for the purpose of such teaching, lectures or research shall not be taxed in the first-mentioned State, for a period of two years from the date of his first arrival in the first-mentioned State.

　　2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken not in the public interest but primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.

　　Article 21 STUDENTS AND TRAINEES⁶²

　　1. Payments which a student, business apprentice⁶³ or trainee⁶¹ who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.

　　2. In respect of grants, scholarships and remuneration from employment not covered by paragraph 1, a student, business apprentice or trainee described in paragraph 1 shall, in addition, be entitled during such education or training to the same exemptions⁶⁵, reliefs or reductions in respect of taxes available to residents of the State which he is visiting.

　　Article 22 OTHER INCOME

　　1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that State.

　　2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

　　Article 23 METHODS FOR THE ELIMINATION⁶⁶ OF DOUBLE TAXATION

　　1. Where a resident of one Contracting State derives income from the other Contracting State, the amount of tax on the income payable⁶⁷ in the other Contracting State in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement may be credited against the tax imposed by the first-mentioned State on that resident. The amount of the credit, however, shall not exceed the amount of the tax imposed by the first-mentioned State on that income computed⁶⁸ in accordance with the taxation laws and regulations of the Contracting State.

　　2. Where the income derived from one Contracting State is a dividend⁵⁰ paid by a company which is a resident of the Contracting State to a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State and which owns not less than ten per cent of the shares of the company paying the dividend, the credit shall take into account the tax paid in the first-mentioned State by the company paying the dividend in respect of the profits out of which the dividend is paid.

　　3. The tax paid in a Contracting State mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, shall be deemed to include the tax which would have been payable but for the legal provisions concerning tax reduction, exemption⁶⁴ or other tax incentives⁶⁹ of the Contracting States for the promotion⁷⁰ of economic development.

　　Article 24 NON-DISCRIMINATION

　　1. Nationals ora Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

　　2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favorably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed⁷¹ as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

　　3. Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

　　4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.

　　Article 25 MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

　　1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

　　2. The competent authority shall endeavor, if the objection appears to it to be justified⁷² and ifit is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Agreement. Any agreement reached shall be implemented⁷³ notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.

　　3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavor to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation⁷⁴ or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Agreement.

　　4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of paragraphs 2 and 3. When it seems advisable for reaching agreement, representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States may meet together for an oral exchange of opinions.

　　Article 26 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

　　1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Agreement, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement, in particular for the prevention of evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities （including courts and administrative bodies） involved in the assessment⁷⁵ or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution⁷⁶ in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings⁷⁷ or in judicial⁷⁸ decisions.

　　2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

　　a） to carry out administrative measures at variance⁷⁹ with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

　　b） to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;

　　c） to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy （order public）.

　　Article 27 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS AND CONSULAR⁸⁰ OFFICERS

　　Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of diplomatic agents or consular officers under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

　　Article 28 ENTRY 1NTO FORCE

　　This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the latter of the dates on which diplomatic notes indicating the completion of internal legal procedures necessary in each country for the entry into force of this Agreement have been exchanged. This Agreement shall have effect as respects income derived during the taxable years beginning on or after the first day of January of the year following that in which this Agreement enters into force.

　　Article 29 TERMINATION

　　This Agreement shall continue in effect indefinitely but either of the Contracting States may, on or before the thirtieth day of June in any calendar year beginning after the expiration⁸¹ of a period of five years from the date of its entry into force, give written notice of termination to the other Contracting State through the diplomatic channels. In such event this Agreement shall cease to have effect as respects income derived during the taxable years beginning on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following that in which the notice of termination is given. IN WITNESS whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto, have signed this Agreement.

　　Done at Tunis on the 16 day of April, 2002, in duplicate in the Chinese, Arabic, French and English languages, all texts being equally authentic⁸².In case of divergence⁸³ in interpretation, the English text shall prevail.

　　For the Government of the People's Republic of China For the Government of the Republic of Tunisia

　　SHI Guangsheng Taoufic BACCAR

　　Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Minister of Finance

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