债转股 debt-to-equity swap¹
港元的联系汇率制
the linkage² system between the US dollar and the HK dollar

坏帐、呆帐、死帐
bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan

反倾销措施
anti-dumping measures against ……

通货紧缩
deflation

通货膨胀
inflation

非配额产品
quota-free products

非生产性投资
investment in non-productive projects

风险管理/评估
risk management/ assessment³

风险基金
venture capital

风险准备金
loan loss provision/ provisions of risk

搞活国有大中型企业
revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises

规模经济
scale economy/ economies of scale

国合企业（即国有合作社）
state-owned cooperatives

国际收支
balance of international payments/ balance of payment

国际收支不平衡
disequilibrium of balance of payment

国家补贴
public subsidies⁴

国家现汇结存
state foreign exchange reserves

合理引导消费
guide rational consumption

季节性调价   seasonal⁵ price adjustments
既成事实  established/accomplished facts
技工贸结合的科技型企业  scientific and technological⁶ enterprises that integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development
劳动密集性企业  labor⁷-intensive enterprises
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费  unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction⁸ of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory⁹ donations and random¹⁰ levies¹¹ on enterprises
千年问题、千年虫  millennium¹² bug¹³
企业技术改造  technological updating of enterprises
企业亏损补贴  subsidies to cover enterprise losses
实行国民待遇   grant the national treatment to
平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针  pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual¹⁴ benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development
瓶颈制约  “bottleneck”restrictions
皮包公司 flying-by-night company; bogus company
放松银根 ease monetary¹⁵ policy　
流动人口　 floating population　
企业的自我约束机制 self-regulating mechanism¹⁶ of enterprises
贪图安逸　 crave¹⁷ comfort and pleasure　
消费膨胀　 inflated¹⁸ consumption　
信息化　 informationize　
无氟冰箱　 freon-free refrigerator　
无纸交易　 paperless transaction　
适销对路的产品　 readily marketable products　
倒爷　 profiteer　
机构臃肿　 overstaffing in (government) organizations
机构重叠　 organizational overlapping¹⁹　
利改税　 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
经常性的财政收入　 regular revenues　
慢性萧条　 chronic²⁰ depression　
双重轨制　 two-tier system / double-track system　
就业前培训　 pre-job training　
岗位培训　 on-the-job training　
对外项目承包 foreign project contracting
劳务合作 labor service cooperation
外援方式　 modality of foreign aid
自1999年1月1日起实行 come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999
所有制形式 forms of ownership
以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度 implement²¹ an automatic registration²² system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis
风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment
国家鼓励项目 projects listed as encouraged by the state
<<中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例>> Implementation²³ Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan
部长级会议 ministerial meeting
公正合理 equitable²⁴ and rational
抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities
减免债务 reduce and cancel debts
工程项目 engineering project
同步增长 increase in the same pace
摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响 shake off the impact of the financial crisis
走上良性发展的轨道 going on the track of sound progress
工业增加值 industrial added value
固定资产投资 investment in the fixed²⁵ assets
建材 building materials
累计实现顺差143.4美元 accumulatively realizing trade surplus
注入新的生机与活力 bring new vigor and vitality into
配件 accessories
备件 spare parts
进口环节税 import linkage tax
营业税 turnover tax
企业所得税 corporate income tax
抵免 offset
省会 provincial capital
直辖市 municipality directly under the central government
龙头产品 flagship product
现代企业制度 modern corporate system
实行股份制 enforce stockholding system
控股公司 holding company
自主经营,自负盈亏 responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses
在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展 alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership
形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场 establish an unified, open market with orderly competition
国家科技创新体系 State Scientific and Technological Innovation System
帮助人才脱颖而出 help excellent talents find way to distinction
清理、修订 screen and modify
水利 water conservation
转化经营机制 change the method of operation
中介服务组织 intermediary service organization
军民两用品出口 dual purpose exports 
军民两用产品和技术 dual-use goods and technology 
北美自由贸易区  NAFTA North American Free Trade Area　
全球配额  global quota 
祖父条款  grandfather clause 
动物源食品  Animal-derived food
部门提前自愿自由化  EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization) 
贸易和投资自由化和便利化  TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 
国际清算 international settlement
商住和公益设施建设 commercial, residential and public utility construction
广开就业门路 increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment
自由浮动汇率 free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate
资本项目 capital account
经常项目 current account
求同存异 overcome differences and seek common ground
防伪标志 anti-fake label
出口创汇型产业 export-oriented industry
盘活存量资产 revitalize stock assets
竟价投标 competitive bidding
协议投标 negotiated bidding
横向兼并 horizontal merger
垂直兼并 vertical merger
垃圾融资 junk financing
货币市场 money market
申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 
船务公司  shipping service company
非商标(非专利)产品 generic products 
稳健的货币政策  prudent monetary policy　
超前消费  deficit spending 
(到银行)挤兑  run on banks
对农业的国内支持  domestic support to agriculture
特种债券   special bonds
富裕经济  economy of abundance 
年复合增长率  CAGA (compound annual growth average) 
动物源性蛋白  Animal-based protein
转基因组织 GMO (genetically modified organism)
视频点播  VOD (video-on-demand)
音频点播  AOD (audio-on-demand)
市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA： Administrative Aspects of Market Access
亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC： APEC Business Advisory Council
亚太商业论坛 ABF：APEC Business Forum
亚太通讯与数据系统 ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System
亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises
亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank
亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting
东盟自由贸易区 AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area
亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting
澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement
亚太商业网络 APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network
亚太经济合作组织 APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
亚太能源研究中心 APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center
亚太信息基础设施 APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure
亚太实验室认可合作 APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum
亚太计量程序 APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program
东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations
亚欧会议 ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting