36。In l664 the great English diarist，John Evelyn，published，with the approval of the Royal Society of London，a book Sylva or a Discourse¹ of Forest Trees in which one sees，perhaps for the first time，a realization² that trees，then so important in the construction of ships，were indeed becoming sadly depleted³ and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.

　　1664．年，英国伟大的日记作家J·Evelyn，经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志，即《林木论》。在这本著作中，人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实：当时，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫；必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。(with．．．London介词短语作条件状语修饰published，其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中，one泛指人们。a realization是谓语sees的宾语。so important in...ship是非限定性定语，用来修饰trees。句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。)

　　37．As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains⁴ line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction．

　　随着材料的磁性变强，材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来，其N极均指向一个方向， 而S极则指向相反的方向。　(介词复合结构with．一用来对主句中的谓语lineup进行补充说明。)

38．Since the earth is slightly flattened⁵ at its poles，the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator．

由于地球的两极略为扁平，所以南北两极地表面离地心的距离比赤道地表面离地心的距离要近一些。(distancefrom．．，“离……的距离”。that代替distance。)

　　39．Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy，particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively⁶ clear atmosphere．

　　太阳能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望，尤其是因为这些迫切需要水的地区离赤道很近，那里有较清洁的大气。(lie和have是两个谓语，主语是those areas。most in need of water为介词短语作定语修饰areas。)

　40．For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys⁷ with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes．

　　长期以来，人们一直在寻找把各种金属熔成合金的可能性，其目的在于为某些用途获得更好的材料。(with。viewto．．，“以……为目的”，“为……起见”，是短语介词，引出的介词短语起目的状语作用。)

　　41．It means reorganising them on democratic lines，with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned，loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole．

　　这意味着：要以民主的方式，由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念，同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。(on．．．1ines，“按照……方针，办法”，作状语。with．．．concerned介词短语作状语，用来修饰动名词reorganising。Made up of．．．过去分词短语作定语修饰boards。loyal．．．changes为形容词短语修饰workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技术员”的同位语，operating．．．as a whole为现

在分词短语作定语，也是用来修饰workers and technidans。它是与形容词短语loyal。。．是并列关系。arrive at作出(决定)，得出(结论)等。句中arrived at．．．whole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。)

　　42．Thirty-five seconds into the flight，with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power，Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress．

　　“挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下，飞行了35秒后，同以前的航天飞机一样，正在承受着巨大的空气动力的压力。(with the solid．．．复合结构用作状语，有条件意味。)

　　43．A gas，such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder⁸ of asteam engine，has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and　volume of the container．

　　气体，例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸气，既无一定的形状，也无一定的体积。气体的形状和体积是随着容器的形状和体积的改变而变化的。(change．．．with，“随……而变化”。)

　　44．Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation⁹ and by casting into mold，and to the　fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals．

　　金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用，不仅是由于它们具有上述这些性能，而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要的制品，同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地改变。(due to，“由于”。to these properties，to the fact，and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语从句。)

　　45．Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate　towards each other with a force varying inversely¹⁰ as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses．

　　宇宙中任意两个质点均以某种力在相互吸引，该力与两质点之间距离的平方成反比，而与它们质量的乘积成正比，牛顿就是通过这一假设概括了这种思想。(with a force varying．．．为介词复合结构，用作状语，说明gravitate。vary directly as...，“与……成正比”。vary inverse1yas，“与……成反比”。)