翻译训练方法:直译的误区 (二)
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-09-13 06:20 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
三、修辞句型中的误区
同汉语一样,英语写作中大量运用修辞手段,其中有不少辞格类似于汉语辞格表达方式,因此可以直译。但有一些英语辞格很难用直译方式表达清楚,即便是同一辞格,由于处于不同场合,有的能直译,有的则不能直译。下列几种情况有时不宜直译:

1、比喻:有比喻可以直译,有则不能,这往往取决于汉语表达习惯。例如:

At the door to the restaurant, a stunning1, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.

如果把a stunning ,porcelain-faced woman 译作"一位迷人陶瓷般脸蛋妇女"就显得粗俗滑稽,但是不是作者本意。这时意译就比较好。"在通往餐厅门口有一位妇女,涂脂抹粉、细皮嫩肉、身着和服、十分迷人,她叫我脱下鞋子。"

The girl is a dead shot.
这位姑娘是神枪手。(不能译作"死射手")

After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery grounds.
他上部小说失败之后,声誉一落千丈。(不能译为"站在滑动场地上了。")

2、有些借喻不能直译
He went west by stage coach and succumbed2 to the epidemic3 of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe Region.
误:他乘公共马车到了西部,患了瓦肖地区金银发烧流行病。
正:他乘公共马车到了西部,卷入了淘金热和淘银热。

The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers4
is the very symbol of the incessant5 struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.

应译为:式样古老小巧日本房屋像小船一般,漂游在灰棕色钢筋混凝土摩天大楼之间,这引人注目的景象象征着旧传统和新发展之间不断斗争。

3、引典。如果是尽人皆知典故。可以直译,不必加说明,如果多数人不知道,最好是意译,或者直译加注释。
He met his Waterloo.
句中meet one's Waterloo是成语典故,由拿破仑在Waterloo遇到惨败而来,所以要意译。"他吃了大败仗"。

I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
句中bowing down in the House of Rimmon 是成语典故,表示"表面上与宗教信仰一致,但心里却有不同政治主张",这是口是心非。Rimmon是大马士革人所崇拜的神。House of Rimmon借指英国下院。如果将这个典故直译,表达不出原意。"我问道,作为头号反共人物(邱吉尔),他这样做是否言行不一,口是心非。"

四、习语成语中的误区
英语中有丰富的习语成语,增强了语言表达能力。其中大部分可以直译,或用汉语中相应的习语套用。 例如:the open door policy开放政策,the cold war 冷战,to fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼,strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁,at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟。但是还有一些习语成语必须意译才能表达出其正确含义。
She was born with a siver spoon in her mouth.
她出生在富贵之家。
You're talking through your head again.
你又在胡说八道了。
You should keep your nose out of here.
你别管闲事。
Good to begin well, better to end well.
要善始善终。

五、词汇翻译中的误区
有些词汇在某些场合下具有了新义,如果直译就会曲解原意。所以,要根据语言环境确定具体词义。英语中词义发展变化十分常见。
He is the lastperson for such a job.
他最不配干这件事。
Every life has its roses and thorns.
人生有苦有甜。
The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride,was attended by a who's who of Boston Society.
赫华德仍然记得,参加婚礼人中有一位波士顿的社会名流,这让他感到十分得意。

从上述例句可以看出,有些词在某些场合或结构中具有特殊意义,例如the last, who's who,有的词用其比喻意义,如roses and thorns ,有的词在特殊场合与句型中词义发生了递转,如yes, no,有词义有了引申或发展。总而言之,一个词的具体意义要依其所处场合、条件、和句型而定,不可随意翻译。直译与意译各有所长、要用其所长。进行直译时要防止进入误区,在有误区的地方要采用意译,使直译与意译相互补充,只有这样才能取得比较理想效果。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 stunning NhGzDh     
adj.极好的;使人晕倒的
参考例句:
  • His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity.他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇。
  • The finished effect was absolutely stunning.完工后的效果非常美。
2 succumbed 625a9b57aef7b895b965fdca2019ba63     
不再抵抗(诱惑、疾病、攻击等)( succumb的过去式和过去分词 ); 屈从; 被压垮; 死
参考例句:
  • The town succumbed after a short siege. 该城被围困不久即告失守。
  • After an artillery bombardment lasting several days the town finally succumbed. 在持续炮轰数日后,该城终于屈服了。
3 epidemic 5iTzz     
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
参考例句:
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
4 skyscrapers f4158331c4e067c9706b451516137890     
n.摩天大楼
参考例句:
  • A lot of skyscrapers in Manhattan are rising up to the skies. 曼哈顿有许多摩天大楼耸入云霄。
  • On all sides, skyscrapers rose like jagged teeth. 四周耸起的摩天大楼参差不齐。
5 incessant WcizU     
adj.不停的,连续的
参考例句:
  • We have had incessant snowfall since yesterday afternoon.从昨天下午开始就持续不断地下雪。
  • She is tired of his incessant demands for affection.她厌倦了他对感情的不断索取。
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