31. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the big promotion¹.
[参考译文]科尔曼得出的结论如下：如今出色的工作表现十分普遍，虽说工作出色你可以加薪，但你未必能够高升。

32. Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down（使…不突出）their visibility.
[参考译文]大多数女职员和黑人职员害怕人家说自己是因为性别或种族才得到提拔的，因此，他们尽量不去抛头露面。

33. The Oxford² dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny³ for cultural bias⁴ than the Longman dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world.
[参考译文]因此，《牛津词典》比《朗读曼词典》更经得起文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。
34. In reality, though the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries.
[参考译文]实际上，BBC词典将拥有比另外两本词典更广的读者群。

35. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely⁵ in the hope that this will make them reform.
[参考译文]由于警察认为人们（市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官）头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。

36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object.
[参考译文]予和机器人既是物理体，同样也是文化现象。

37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy⁶ of investigation⁷, but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.
[参考译文]对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。

38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.
[参考译文]约翰·杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿童用语之比。

39. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments.
[参考译文]当然，音乐文化的最生动的物质载体是乐器。

40. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
[参考译文]通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐传入中国的情况，也可以勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展和演变的大致轮廓。