The palm-forward "V" sign, formed by raising and spreading the first two fingers, has three different meanings in American culture.
掌心向外, 竖起食指和中指, 并向两边展开, 这样就构成了一个V形手势。V形手势在美国文化中有三个不同的含义。
The most popular meaning of the "V" sign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the
Nazi1 occupation, he came up with the single letter "V", which stood not only for his own first name, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940s and 1950s, the gesture meant simply "victory".
The second meaning came in the 1960s. Because of its military implication, American antiwar protestors used the sign
sarcastically2 against the arms, so that it became known as the "peace sign". In the 1970s, the "V" sign, which had lost its military implication, was a common greeting among freedom lovers, acid heads, political
radicals3, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it ceased to give clue to the user's philosophy.
The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put "V", which resembles "horns", behind friends' heads in group snapshot. They are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This
mischief4, called "horns of the Devil", is a
variant5 of the European "horns" gesture, which is obscene. Here the "V" sign means "Your wife has been cheating on you" or, when placed behind another's head, "His wife has been cheating on him.
In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm-backward version; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American "finger". Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently
unaware6 of the vulgar usage, he gave the palm-backward "V" to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social
hermit7 not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret
Thatcher8 repeated Churchill's error after her victory in the 1979 election.