Researchers discovered that languages spoken in countries from Ghana and Laos to Iceland and Italy all include 'huh', or something that sounds very like it.

 

They said that while the project may sound frivolous¹（无聊的，轻佻的）, the word is an 'indispensable' part of speech.

 

Without it and similar words, it would be impossible to show that we haven't heard or understood what had been said and this would lead to constant misunderstandings.

 

But while other words used in the same context, such as 'sorry' or 'what', vary widely across languages, 'huh?' remains² unchanged.

 

The Dutch researchers recorded around 20 informal conversations in each of ten languages from around the world.

 

These included Siwu, which is spoken in Ghana, Cha'palaa from Ecuador, and Murriny Patha - an Australian Aboriginal³ language, as well as Italian, Spanish, Dutch and Mandarin⁴ Chinese.

 

The tapes were analysed for words that sounded like 'huh?' and were used to request that whatever had just been said was repeated.

 

All contained a version of 'huh'. The word was also found in another 21 languages form around the globe that were studied in less detail.

 

While there were subtle（微妙的） differences in each country, all had a near-identical sound.

 

This is surprising because normally unrelated languages will use very different words to describe the same thing.

 

For instance, the Japanese for 'dog' is 'inu', while the French is 'chien'.

 

It is thought that languages around the world have developed their own version of 'huh?' because the sound is quick and simple to form, as well as being easily understood.

 

Or, in words of the EU-funded researchers, it is a 'simple, minimal⁵, quick-to-produce questioning syllable⁶'.

 

Writing in the journal PLoS ONE, they said that while the sound may seem almost primitive⁷ in its simplicity⁸, it still has to be learnt.

 

In fact, it takes children until the age of five to master its use.

 

The researchers, from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen said: '"Huh?" is not trivial（琐碎的）.

 

'It might seem frivolous or even trivial to carry out scientific research into a world like 'huh?' but in fact this little word is an indispensable tool in human communication.'

 

They also have an answer for those who claim that 'huh?' isn't a word.

 

They say that it qualifies because of the subtle changes made to its sound to make it fit with each language.

 

It also is something we learn to say, rather than a grunt⁹（咕哝） or cry that we are born knowing how to make.

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