Fetishism, exhibitionism and voyeurism¹ are also included as "mental disorders²" now barring people from driving. 

 

The government says it is tightening³ medical controls for drivers because Russia has too many road accidents. 

 

"Pathological" gambling⁴ and compulsive stealing are also on the list. Russian psychiatrists⁵ and human rights lawyers have condemned⁶ the move. 

 

The announcement follows international complaints about Russian harassment⁷ of gay-rights activists⁸. 

 

In 2013 Russia made "promoting non-traditional lifestyles" illegal. 

 

Valery Evtushenko at the Russian Psychiatric Association voiced concern about the driving restrictions⁹, speaking to the BBC Russian Service. He said some people would avoid seeking psychiatric help, fearing a driving ban. 

 

The Association of Russian Lawyers for Human Rights called the new law "discriminatory". It said it would demand clarifications from the Russian Constitutional Court and seek support from international human rights organisations. 

 

But the Professional Drivers Union supported the move. "We have too many deaths on the road, and I believe toughening medical requirements for applicants¹⁰ is fully¹¹ justified," said the union's head Alexander Kotov. 

 

However, he said the requirements should not be so strict for non-professional drivers. 

 

Mikhail Strakhov, a Russian psychiatric expert, told BBC Russian that the definition of "personality disorders" was too vague and some disorders would not affect a person's ability to drive a car safely.

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