what ... V ...
　　結構︰what+(主詞)+動詞…
　　說明︰此句型意為“…的東西”。what 是<複合關係代名詞>，等於 the thing which。不論“what+<動詞>…”或“what+<主詞>+<動詞>”，都是<名詞子句>。“what+<主詞>+be”譯成“…的樣子/情況”。
　　That’s what’s polluting the lake. 那就是污染湖水的東西。
　　What do you guess is in the box? 你猜箱子裡有什麼?
　　This is what he wanted. 這就是他要的東西。
　　Character is what we are when we are alone with ourselves in the dark.
　　品德就是自我在暗地裡獨處時的樣子。
　　John is not what he was. 約翰不是以前那樣的約翰了。
　　Without Mr. Chang, I would not be what I am.如果沒有張先生的話，我就不會有現在的樣子。
　　... what + be + called ...
　　結構︰…what+be+called…
　　說明︰此句型意為“所謂的…”。等於“what+we/you/they+call”。
　　He gathered earlier writings to prepare what are called the Five Classics¹.
　　他蒐集以前的作品，編成了所謂的五經。
　　He is very interested in what are called popular songs. 他對所謂的流行歌曲很感興趣。
　　We should improve what is called the quality of living.我們應該改進所謂的生活品質。
　　He is what you call a “walking dictionary”. 他就是你所謂的“活字典”。
　　What we do is + V ...
　　結構︰What+主詞+do+is+動詞…
　　說明︰此句型意為“…所要做的就是…”。<主詞>之後一定用 do;至於<動詞>，可以看成是 to+<動詞>的 to 被省略了。
　　What we can not do is make a cloud produce rain if it is not ready to produce it.
　　我們所辦不到的是要使雲產生雨，如果它不是隨時要產生雨的話。
　　What you have to do is say (put) in a good word for me.你所必須做的就是為我美言幾句。
　　What we need to do is prepare something to eat. 我們所需要的就是準備一些吃的。
　　... what is said above ...
　　結構︰…what is said above…
　　說明︰此句型意為“上面所說的”。
　　As we learn from what is said above, the tides can be very useful.
　　依照上面所說的，我們知道潮汐可以是非常有幫助的。
　　From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion. 由上面所說的，我們可以做一個結論。
　　We should pay more attention to what is said above. 我們應該更加注意上面所說的。
　　What follows is ...
　　結構︰What follows+be 動詞…
　　說明︰此句型意為“以下(跟著來的)是…”。What follows 是<名詞子句>。若要表達其他的意思，可以把 follows 換成別的<動詞>。
　　What follows is some excerpts² of the famous speech he delivered in Washington³ D.C.
　　以下是他在華府所發表的那篇著名的演講中的一些摘錄。
　　What follows is the truth that men are created equal. 以下是人生而平等的真理。
　　What follows is the process of his being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
　　以下是他被頒贈一九六四年諾貝爾和平獎的過程。
　　... what little + N
　　結構︰…what little+不可數名詞
　　說明︰此句型意為“所有的一點點…”。等於 all the little。
　　His mother sent him what little money she had saved.他的母親把所有僅存的錢都寄給他了。
　　I’ll let you share what little information I have collected.
　　我會讓你分享我所蒐集的僅有的一些資料。
　　She was robbed⁴ of what little money she had. 她僅有的一點兒錢都被搶了。
　　The little boy use what little strength he had to push the door open.這小男孩使勁地把門推開。
　　A is to B what C is to D.
　　結構︰A is to B what C is to D.
　　說明︰此句型意為“A 之於 B 猶如 C 之於 D”。等於“A is to B as C is to D.”或“What C is to D (that) A is to B”或“As C is to D so is A to B”。這是為了讓人明白 A 與 B 的關係，而利用人所熟知的 C 與 D 的關係來比喻的句法。what 是“A is to B”之 be <動詞>的<補語>。
　　Exercise is to the body what thinking is to the brain.
　　運動和身體的關係，如同思考和頭腦的關係。
　　What lungs are to the animal, leaves are to the plant.
　　就像肺是動物所不可缺的一樣，葉子也是植物所不可或缺的。
　　As water is to the plant, so are books to me. 書和我的關係正如同水和植物的關係。
　　what with ... and ...
　　結構︰what with ... and (what with) ...
　　說明︰此句型意為“一方面因為…一方面因為…”。等於“half through ... (half through) ...”、“partly because (of) ... (partly because (of)) ...”。
　　What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lost his job.
　　一方面因為懶，一方面因為生病，他丟了工作。
　　What with the wind and what with the rain, our trip was ruined.
　　又是刮風又是下雨，我們的旅遊都給搞砸了。
　　What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get along. 部分因為物價高漲，部分因為時機不好，生活真是愈來愈難過了。
　　... the same + N + as ...
　　結構︰…the same+名詞+as…
　　說明︰此句型意為“與…相同的”。as 做準<關係代名詞>(既當<連接詞>又做<關係代名詞>用)，相當於“as the+前面的<名詞>+<關係代名詞>(who，whom，which)引導的<形容詞子句>”。
　　I want the same camera as you have. 我想要一隻和你一樣的照相機。
　　He is the same person as came here yesterday. 他就是昨天來這裡的那個人。
　　He is not the same man as he used to be. 他已不是當年的他了。

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