... such + N + as ...
　　結構︰…such+名詞+as…
　　說明︰此句型意為“像…一樣的”。是以 as 以下的人、物、動作、狀態等為對象，比較有關種類、性質、程度、範圍等。as 做準<關係代名詞>(既當<連接詞>又做<關係代名詞>用)，相當於“as the+前面的<名詞>+<關係代名詞>(who，whom，which)”引導的<形容詞子句>。
　　Such people as are friendly are easy to approach. 親切之人容易接近。
　　He is not such a bad guy as you (are). 他不是那種和你一樣的壞傢伙。
　　Such a good student as he (is) will succeed. 像他這樣的好學生一定會成功。
　　... such ... as ...
　　結構︰such+複數名詞+as+名詞…
　　說明︰此句型意為“像…的…;…這一類的”。as 後的<名詞>有多個，表示舉例說明。
　　From animals we get such materials as wool, silk, leather and furs.
　　從動物我們得到像羊毛、絲、皮革、與毛皮這樣的材料。
　　At his birthday party, I met such people as professor, scientist and actor.
　　在他的生日宴會上，我遇到了像教授、科學家和演員的人。
　　You should eat such vegetables as carrot, celery and spinach¹.
　　你應該吃胡蘿蔔、芹菜和菠菜這類的蔬菜。
　　... such as ...
　　結構︰主詞+動詞…複數名詞+such as 名詞1，名詞2 and 名詞3
　　說明︰此句型意為“…例如…”。such as 引導的部分是作為<名詞>的補充說明。
　　Acid² rain is harmful to amphibians³ such as salamanders, spring peepers, and frogs.
　　酸雨是有害於兩棲的動物，例如鯢、春天裡唧唧叫的小動物和青蛙。
　　In this paragraph there are many nouns⁴, such as boy, girl, and book.
　　這一段裡面有很多名詞，例如男孩、女孩和書本。
　　I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom.
　　我認識他們當中的很多人，例如約翰、彼得和湯姆。
　　They may choose to study foreign languages, advanced mathematics or science, such as physics or chemistry. 他們可以選擇學習外國語文、高等數學或像物理、化學的科學。
　　We have different pies, such as apple, cherry, and strawberry pies.
　　我們有不同的派，例如蘋果、櫻桃和草莓派。
　　Many things pollute water, such as tires, trash, and plastic bags.
　　很多東西使水污染，例如輪胎、垃圾和塑膠袋。
　　as is often the case ...
　　結構︰as/which is often the case (with) ...
　　說明︰此句型意為“…是常有的情形”。這是當<關係代名詞>的 as 以全體<主要子句>當先行詞的<句型>，可以用 which 代替 as。
　　He was late for school, as (which) was often the case with him.
　　他上學遲到，但這對他而言已是家常便飯了。
　　As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
　　就像其他老人一樣，我祖父也老喜歡講他當年的故事。
　　He quarreled with his friends, as was the often the case.
　　他和朋友吵架，但這已屢見不鮮。
　　There is no + N + but ...
　　結構︰There is no+名詞+but…
　　說明︰此句型意為“無…而不”。but 做準<關係代名詞>(既當<連接詞>又做<關係代名詞>用)，相當於“who/whom/which…not…”。
　　There is no one but is (=who is not) concerned about his future. 沒有人不關心自己的未來。
　　There is nothing but he can do. (=There is nothing that he can’t do.) 沒有他做不到的事。
　　There is no rule but has exceptions⁵. (=There is no rule that doesn’t have exceptions.)
　　每一種規則都有例外。
　　There is no one but wishes to get somewhere. 沒有人不希望將來能有所成就。
　　There is no man but has his faults. 沒有人沒有缺點。
　　... N + where ...
　　結構︰…地方名詞+where…
　　說明︰此句型意為“…的地方”。where 是<關係副詞>，由“<介系詞>+<關係代名詞> which”變化而成，引導<形容詞子句>，修飾<名詞>。在限定修飾的句構中，可保留 where，而將前面的<名詞>省略。
　　There are some countries where (=in which) the supply of fuel is very limited.
　　有些國家的燃料供應非常有限。
　　He went to the station, where (=at which) he met his father.他到車站去，見到了他父親。
　　That’s (the place) where he spent most of his life. 那裡就是他度過大半生的地方。
　　... reach the point where
　　結構︰... reach the point + where ...
　　說明︰此句型意為“到了…的地步”。reach 可以換成 come to(到達)。
　　Things reached the point where the two groups sat on opposite sides of the church, glaring⁶ across the aisle⁷. 事情到了兩群人馬各坐在教堂裡相對的兩邊，隔著通道怒目相視的地步。
　　They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
　　他們已經到了必須彼此分手的地步。
　　Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put up with it.
　　噪音快到我們無法忍受的地步。
　　... N + when ...
　　結構︰…時間名詞+(when)…
　　說明︰此句型意為“…的時候”。when 是<關係副詞>，由“<介系詞>+<關係代名詞> which”變化而成，引導<形容詞子句>，修飾<名詞>。在限定修飾的句構中，可保留 when，而將前面的<名詞>省略;也可將 when 省略。
　　Tell me (the exact time) when the next train will arrive.告訴我下一班火車抵達的正確時刻。
　　She came in June, when (=in which) it was very hot. 她六月來，那時天氣非常熱。
　　The last time (when) I saw him, he was quite well. 最後一次看到他時，他還相當健康。

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