《韦氏词典》2021年度词汇“疫苗”_文化教育

《韦氏词典》2021年度词汇“疫苗”

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2021-12-01 05:02 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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眼下新冠病毒依然在全球肆虐，疫情相关词频频入选各大词典的年度词汇，《韦氏词典》也不例外。该词典选出的2021年度词汇是从去年火到今年的“疫苗”（vaccine¹）。

"Vaccine" is Merriam-Webster's Word of the Year. The word was selected based on lookup data, notable spikes², and year-over-year increases in searches.

《韦氏词典》的年度词汇是“疫苗”。该词是基于查询数据、访问量峰值和同比搜索增加量选出的。

"This is a word that has kind of two parallel but intersecting stories: one is a medical story, and one is a political story or a cultural story," said Peter Sokolowski, Merriam-Webster's editor-at-large.

《韦氏词典》的特约编辑彼得·索科洛夫斯基说：“这个词有两个平行又相交的故事，一个是医学上的，还有一个是政治或文化上的。”

On the site, lookups for "vaccine" shot up 601% over 2020, especially toward the latter part of the year when the first US shot was administered in December. There was a 1,048% increase in site lookups this year compared to 2019.

《韦氏词典》网站上“疫苗”一词的查询量在2020年飙升了601%，下半年搜索量更高，尤其是去年12月美国接种第一剂疫苗之时。2021年“疫苗”一词的查询量比2019年增加了1048%。

And searches have remained stable through late fall, especially with talk about the Omicron variant³ and the efficacy of vaccines⁴ in stopping it.

而且该词搜索量一直到秋末都居高不下，尤其是在奥密克戎毒株引发有关疫苗有效性的讨论之后。

《韦氏词典》其他年度词汇候选

One notable runner-up word was "insurrection," searches for which increased by 61,000% on January 7, the day after the January 6 siege on the US Capitol.

一个值得注意的候选年度词汇是“暴动”，由于美国国会大厦在1月6日遭遇袭击，该词在1月7日的搜索量暴增61000%。

Another runner-up was "perseverance," the name of NASA's latest Mars rover, which landed February 18. The name was chosen by a seventh-grader in Virginia who participated in an essay contest organized by NASA.

另一个重要的候选年度词汇是“毅力”，是美国宇航局最新的火星探测器的名字。“毅力号”于2月18日登陆火星。这个名字是美国宇航局通过作文比赛公开征集名称时选中的，提交这个名称的是弗吉尼亚州的一名七年级学生。

Other words in Merriam-Webster's Top 10 include Cicada (we had an invasion), guardian⁵ (the Cleveland Indians became the Cleveland Guardians), meta (the lofty new name of Facebook's parent company), cisgender (a gender⁶ identity that corresponds to one's sex assigned at birth) and woke (charged with politics and political correctness).

入选《韦氏词典》候选年度词汇前十名的还包括：蝉（因大举入侵美国而入选）、守卫者（美国棒球队克里夫兰印地安人更名为克里夫兰守卫者）、元（脸书母公司高大上的新名字）、顺性别者（自我性别认定和出生时的生理性别相同的人）和警醒（满脑子都是政治正确性）。

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收听单词发音

1 vaccine
n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的
参考例句：
The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。 She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 spikes
n.穗( spike的名词复数 )；跑鞋；（防滑）鞋钉；尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 )；偷偷地给某人的饮料加入（更多）酒精（或药物）；把尖状物钉入；打乱某人的计划
参考例句：
a row of iron spikes on a wall 墙头的一排尖铁 There is a row of spikes on top of the prison wall to prevent the prisoners escaping. 监狱墙头装有一排尖钉，以防犯人逃跑。来自《简明英汉词典》

3 variant
adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体
参考例句：
We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。 In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。

4 vaccines
疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句：
His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。 The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 guardian
n.监护人；守卫者，保护者
参考例句：
The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。 The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。

6 gender
n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性
参考例句：
French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。 Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

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