The government says it will ban all private transplants of organs from dead donors¹ in the UK.

英国政府将会禁止所有从死者捐献人进行的私人器官移植。

There are 8,000 people on the transplant register

The move comes after media reports of overseas patients paying to get onto the waiting list for organs donated by British people.

An independent report said organs were scarce and no one should be able to pay for transplants, to ensure NHS patients did not miss out.

Surgeons said it should reassure³ people organs went to those in most need.

Elisabeth Buggins, former chairwoman of the Organ Donation Taskforce, carried out an inquiry⁴ after allegations in a number of newspapers that organs from NHS donors were being given to patients from countries such as Greece and Italy.

It emerged that more than 700 transplants, mostly liver transplants, had been carried out on non-UK patients over the past decade.

In total, 631 of those transplants used organs from dead donors and, of those, 314 were from outside the EU.

It is not clear how many of those paid privately⁵.

The inquiry found no evidence of wrongdoing in how organs were allocated⁶ to these patients, but concluded that in the interests of fairness no one should be able to pay for such operations.

It also says that rules should be tightened⁷ on which EU citizens are entitled to transplants on the NHS.

Under EU law, some patients can receive treatment in other countries, if approved by their healthcare system, which then foots the bill.

But the NHS needs to be more cautious when checking eligibility⁸（合格，资格） under these rules and it is likely that there are patients currently receiving treatment who should be refused, Mrs Buggins said.

She also recommended that the NHS works with other countries in the EU to develop their own transplant programmes.

And any reciprocal arrangements（相互安排） with transplant networks in other countries need to be reviewed, she advised.

Surgeons will still be able to carry out private work using organs from living donors, for example with kidney transplants and some liver transplants.

Trust

Last year 3,500 transplants were carried out in the UK.

The Department of Health, which covers England, accepted the recommendations and said immediate⁹ steps would be taken to ban all private clinical practice involving solid organs donated after death.

Agreement for this still needs to be reached with the administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland but is expected to come into force across the UK in October.

An implementation¹⁰ group will be set up to monitor transplant referrals from overseas, a spokeswoman added.

NHS transplant centres will receive clarification on which patients from abroad are eligible¹²（有资格的，合格的） for treatment.

There has been ongoing¹³ work to increase public confidence in organ donation and, by March 2013, the government want to see donor² rates rise from the current 800 to 1,400 donors per year.

Elisabeth Buggins said the report aimed to make more organs available for UK residents.

"While I found no evidence of wrongdoing in the way organs are allocated to patients, there is a perception（认识，观念） that private payments may unfairly influence access to transplant, so they must be banned.

"Confidence in the transplant system should increase once money is removed from the equation, decisions are transparent¹⁴ and accountability clear; confidence we know is necessary if the number of organ donors is to rise to match the best in Europe.

Health Minister Ann Keen said they would implement¹¹ the recommendations to ensure a UK system that is "fair and transparent".

She added: "The report highlights the complexity¹⁵ of European law in this area and we will take immediate action to provide guidance for the transplant community and reassure the public of the integrity（诚实，正直） of our transplant programme."

Lynda Hamlyn, chief executive of NHS Blood and Transplant, said more than 10,000 people currently need a transplant but due to a lack of organs about 1,000 people die every year before they can have one.

"In a situation where there are not enough organs to treat the citizens of the very country donating them, the priority must be to ensure a fair and open system of allocation and treatment and the necessary level of public reassurance¹⁶ that this is the case."

The British Transplantation Society welcomed the report, saying it would provide "further reassurance" that priority for a transplant was given to those in greatest need.

It added: "We welcome the proposal to clarify the arrangements for the treatment of non-UK patients and would encourage the Health Secretary to pursue this without delay."

Joyce Robins¹⁷, co-director of Patient Concern, also hailed（欢呼，致敬） the proposal, arguing that any suggestion of private payment seriously undermined the entire transplant programme.

"Why should we sign up as organ donors if our organs can then be sold to the highest bidder¹⁸? The law rightly prevents us from selling our own organs, so it is an outrage¹⁹ that hospitals can boost their income by doing so, while UK residents die for lack of organs."

The British Liver Trust said it was imperative²⁰ to remove any perception that hospitals had a financial incentive²¹（刺激，鼓励） to operate on non-UK residents.

"With not enough livers for all patients in the UK, this is a very emotive issue both for patients and also for the families of people who have donated such a precious gift," said its chief executive, Alison Rogers.

"The review's recommendations will do much to rebuild confidence in the system and help clinicians make the difficult life and death decisions about who should be offered a transplant.