The family that owns Germany's luxury car manufacturer BMW has ended decades of silence about its role during the Nazi¹ era and admitted to taking over scores of Jewish businesses and using tens of thousands of slave labourers at its factories during Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.

历经数十年的沉默，掌控宝马汽车的德国科万特家族近日终于承认了历史上与纳粹的不光彩关系。在阿道夫·希特勒统治时期，“宝马家族”接管了数十家犹太人的企业，并在工厂中使用了数万名奴工。

Family ties: Herbert Quandt, Guenther's son, was also aware that slave labour was being used in the family's factories. Right, Adolf Hitler and his propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. Guenther Quandt divorced Magda Behrend Rietschel, who went on to become Goebbels' wife
The disturbing revelations（启示录） about the Quandt dynasty, which became a major BMW shareholder² in 1960, are contained in an independent 1,200-page study commissioned by the family in 2007 after its ruthless Nazi-era business practices were exposed in a German television documentary. BMW was not implicated³ in the report.

"The Quandts were linked inseparably with the crimes of the Nazis⁴," Joachim Scholtyseck, the Bonn historian who compiled and researched the study, concludes at the end of his report published this week. "The family patriarch（族长） was part of the regime."

Mr Scholtyseck established that Günther Quandt and his son Herbert, who both headed the dynasty during the Third Reich, willingly collaborated⁵ with the Nazi regime by employing an estimated 50,000 forced labourers in its arms factories. An average of 80 slave labourers per month died at Quandt factories and many were executed.

"We were treated very badly, we were whipped（鞭打） and had to drink water out of the lavatories," recalled Takis Mylopoulos, a former slave labourer who worked at a Quandt factory in Hanover during the Second World War. The family was also found to have taken over scores of previously⁶ Jewish-owned businesses that were "Aryanised" by the Nazis.

Gabriele Quandt, Günther Quandt's grandson, responded to the study's conclusion by admitting his family had been "wrong" in trying to avoid confronting the truth about its Nazi past for so long.

The study shows that Günther Quandt joined the Nazi party in 1933, the same year that Hitler became Reich Chancellor⁷. Four years later, he was put in charge of the Nazis' so-called "armaments（军备，武器） economy" supplying ammunition⁸ and military hardware from factories that used thousands of slave labourers from concentration camps. An execution area for disobedient slave workers was set up at at least one of the Quandt plants.

The Quandts commissioned the study just five days after the showing of a 2007 television documentary entitled The Silence of the Quandt Family, which contained extensive details about its collaboration⁹ with the Nazis.

The family admitted in a statement at the time: "We recognise that in our history as a family of German industrialists¹⁰, the years 1933 to 1945 have not been sufficiently¹¹ accounted for."

Günther Quandt was arrested and interned¹² in 1946. But judges concluded that he was a mere¹³ Nazi "fellow traveller" who played no active part in committing the crimes of the Third Reich. He was released in 1948.

Prosecutors¹⁴ have argued that if today's evidence had been presented at the time, Quandt would have been charged with committing war crimes or crimes against humanity. However, he joined the board of Deutsche Bank after the war and was honoured by Frankfurt University in 1951. He died on holiday in Egypt in 1954.