Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk - but it seems that in terms of productivity, they could have it all wrong.

高管和办公室的好事之人也许对办公桌干不干净很上心，但如果从工作效率来看，似乎他们都错了。

A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany.

The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos¹, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand.

Visual and mental clutter² forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.

Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious（声名狼藉的） for their untidy desks.

'Messy desks may not be as detrimental³ as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can boost work efficiency or enhance employees' creativity in problem solving,' say the authors.

Oddly, the effect seems to work most on conservatives - political liberals are less liable to be worried about mess in the first place, say the researchers.

'Business and government managers often promote 'clean desk' policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity,' write lead researcher Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research.

'This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one's mind and complicate⁴ one's judgments⁵.'

'However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind.'

The scientists tested people's response in various 'messy' environments - including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language task 'reminded' people of messiness.

The authors found in the series of six studies tended towards simplicity⁶ in their thinking.

'They categorized products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a t-shirt that depicts⁷ a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices,' said the researchers.