大气污染可能会使脑部受损
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2014-07-20 09:06 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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A new research describes how the brains of mice are damaged by exposure to air pollution in early life.

一项新研究表明,老鼠若在幼年期长期接触污染大气,脑部可能会受损。
 
The brain damage includes the enlargement of a part of the brain that is seen in humans who have autismand schizophrenia.
 
The study is published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
 
As in autism and schizophrenia(精神分裂症), the changes occurred predominately in males. The mice also performed poorly in tests of short-term memory, learning ability, and impulsivity1.
 
The new findings are consistent with several recent studies that have shown a link between air pollution and autism in children.
 
Most notably2, a 2013 study in JAMA Psychiatryreported that children who lived in areas with high levels of traffic-related air pollution during their first year of life were three times as likely to develop autism.
 
"Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that air pollution may play a role in autism, as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders," said Deborah Cory-Slechta, Ph.D., professor of environmental medicine at the University of Rochester and lead author of the study.
 
In three sets of experiments, Cory-Slechta and her colleagues exposed mice to levels of air pollution typically found in mid-sized US cities during rush hour.
 
The exposures were conducted during the first two weeks after birth, a critical time in the brain's development. The mice were exposed to polluted air for four hours each day for two four-day periods.
 
In one group of mice, the brains were examined 24 hours after the final pollution exposure. In all of those mice, inflammation was rampant3 throughout the brain, and the lateral4 ventricles(侧脑室)  -- chambers5 on each side of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid -- were enlarged two to three times their normal size.
 
"When we looked closely at the ventricles, we could see that the white matter that normally surrounds them hadn't fully6 developed," said Cory-Slechta.
 
"It appears that inflammation had damaged those brain cells and prevented that region of the brain from developing, and the ventricles simply expanded to fill the space."
 
The problems were also observed in a second group of mice 40 days after exposure and in another group 270 days after exposure, indicating that the damage to the brain was permanent.
 
Brains of mice in all three groups also had elevated levels of glutamate(谷氨酸盐), a neurotransmitter, which is also seen in humans with autism and schizophrenia.


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1 impulsivity 366e0e8718e17eec944eb3135c2ab4f2     
认知的熟虑性?冲动性
参考例句:
  • Fortifying executive function and restraining impulsivity are possible with active interventions. 积极干预可能有助加强执行功能和抑制冲动性。
2 notably 1HEx9     
adv.值得注意地,显著地,尤其地,特别地
参考例句:
  • Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席,特别是连班长也没来。
  • A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小,一头银发,每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。
3 rampant LAuzm     
adj.(植物)蔓生的;狂暴的,无约束的
参考例句:
  • Sickness was rampant in the area.该地区疾病蔓延。
  • You cannot allow children to rampant through the museum.你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。
4 lateral 83ey7     
adj.侧面的,旁边的
参考例句:
  • An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
  • Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。
5 chambers c053984cd45eab1984d2c4776373c4fe     
n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅
参考例句:
  • The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间:Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网
6 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
TAG标签: air brain pollution
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