Gov't launches campaign to battle land violations_社会生活

Gov't launches campaign to battle land violations

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-09-18 08:02 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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Sept. 18 - China's Ministry¹ of Land Resources (MLR)kicked off a 100-day campaign on Monday to crack down on local governments which illegally transfer householders' land to property developers.

The campaign will target those officials who fail to seek authorization² from higher authorities for land use and those who flout³ decrees to expand the size of development zones.

Zhang Xinbao, director of the Land Enforcement and Supervision⁴ Department of the Ministry of Land Resources, admitted land violators had been dealt with too leniently⁵ in China in the past and pledged to toughen its stance towards corrupt⁶ officials.

"Quite a number of violators were fined or disciplined ... a legion of those penalized⁷ were at village level. Only in recent years has our enforcement moved to target officials at county and city levels. Last year, two provincial⁸ officials were penalized," Zhang said.

Statistics from the MLR show in 2006 alone, 3,094 officials received Party or administrative⁹ penalties, taking up 35.6 percent of the total 8,698 between 2,000 and 2006. Another 501 were given criminal sentences, accounting¹⁰ for 41 percent of the total 1,221 in the past seven years. From January to August, 893 officials were penalized and 245 landed criminal charges.

The MLR will expose a number of land violation¹¹ cases next week to bring shame on perpetrators, the ministry said.

Land violations¹² have evolved into a sticky issue in China as the central government order promulgated¹³ in 2004 to implement¹⁴ "the strictest land management policy" has continued to hit a variety of snags at local level.

On one hand, some government officials still have an impulse to attract capital and technology by offering investors¹⁵ cheap or even free land resources, a practice that was rife¹⁶ along the east coast in the early period of China's economic reform and opening-up. On the other, land yields remain a steady source of fiscal¹⁷ revenue for local governments.

Lured¹⁸ by such immediate¹⁹ local interests, some governments have stealthily restored development zones which were closed down years ago or acquiesced²⁰ the management of legal development zones to invite business for abolished ones.

Since a national overhaul²¹ to shut down inefficient²² or idle development zones began in 2003, the number of development zones in China and their aggregate²³ land size both shrunk by more than 70 percent to 1,568 and 9,949 square kilometers respectively by the end of 2006.

"If we allow violators to get away with their perpetrations, development zones would sprawl²⁴ rapidly and consume more land," Gan Zangchun, deputy director-general of the country's land inspection²⁵ authority, warned.

Rapid urbanization has triggered outrage²⁶ from some farmers who were not properly compensated²⁷ for the farmland they lost. It also led to a drastic decline in the area of land available for cultivation²⁸ which prompted the government to set a minimum land area of 1.8 billion mu (120 million hectares) to feed its people.

Domestic policy makers²⁹ started to track the speed and scale of new land supply in non-agriculture sectors³⁰ each year in 2004 to control the total land supply and boost overall macro-economic control.

"Finding a way round authorities' land use supervision is detrimental³¹ to the interests of farmers and may spawn³² misleading economic indicators³³ and disrupt the implementation³⁴ of macro-economic policies," Gan said.

After four years of double-digit growth, the world's fourth largest economy registered a 11.5-percent rise in GDP in the first half. With its consumer price index, a major barometer³⁵ of inflation, surging to a ten-year-high of 6.5 percent in August, there is a rising concern that the economy as marched to the edge of overheating.

Land violations have become increasingly discreet³⁶ in recent years. According to Gan, in the first two years of the policy change (2004-2006) many government officials blatantly³⁷ approved the illegal use of land. After two decrees were released in 2004 and 2006, such violations became rare but the cases of circumventing³⁸ laws and regulations started to shoot upwards³⁹.

National figures on these perpetrations are still being counted, but a recent overhaul on the newly-added land for construction in 70 cities shows nine percent of the requisitioned land has been put onto the market in the name of leasing to avoid prior approval. In one major city, about 67.4 percent of the land provided to local township enterprises was put on the market in this way.

Gan said that most of the phony lease contracts were signed by township governments, village committees and individual farmers.

"Our stance is very clear. Administrative leaders will be held responsible if they turn a blind eye to land violations or fail to punish perpetrators in line with laws and regulations," Zhang Xinbao said.

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1 ministry
n.(政府的)部；牧师
参考例句：
They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。 We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

2 authorization
n.授权，委任状
参考例句：
Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。 You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

3 flout
v./n.嘲弄，愚弄，轻视
参考例句：
Parents who flout Family Court orders may be named in the media in Australia.在澳洲父母亲若是藐视家庭法庭的裁定可能在媒体上被公布姓名。 The foolish boy flouted his mother's advice.这个愚蠢的孩子轻视他母亲的劝告。

4 supervision
n.监督，管理
参考例句：
The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。 The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

5 leniently
温和地，仁慈地
参考例句：
He marked the paper leniently. 他改考卷打分数很松。 Considering the signs he showed of genuine repentance,we shall deal leniently with him. 鉴于他有真诚悔改的表现，我们将对他宽大处理。

6 corrupt
v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的
参考例句：
The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。 This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

7 penalized
对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 )；使处于不利地位
参考例句：
You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。 Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。

8 provincial
adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人
参考例句：
City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。

9 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

10 accounting
n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表
参考例句：
A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。 There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

11 violation
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。 He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

12 violations
违反( violation的名词复数 )；冒犯；违反（行为、事例）；强奸
参考例句：
This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。 These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

13 promulgated
v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。来自辞典例句

14 implement
n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行
参考例句：
Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。 The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

15 investors
n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子 a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

16 rife
adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的
参考例句：
Disease is rife in the area.疾病在这一区很流行。 Corruption was rife before the election.选举之前腐败盛行。

17 fiscal
adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的
参考例句：
The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。 The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

18 lured
吸引，引诱（lure的过去式与过去分词形式）
参考例句：
The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. 那小孩被诱骗上了车，但又设法逃掉了。 Lured by the lust of gold,the pioneers pushed onward. 开拓者在黄金的诱惑下，继续奋力向前。

19 immediate
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。 We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

20 acquiesced
v.默认，默许( acquiesce的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
Senior government figures must have acquiesced in the cover-up. 政府高级官员必然已经默许掩盖真相。 After a lot of persuasion,he finally acquiesced. 经过多次劝说，他最终默许了。来自《简明英汉词典》

21 overhaul
v./n.大修，仔细检查
参考例句：
Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。 It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

22 inefficient
adj.效率低的，无效的
参考例句：
The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。 Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。

23 aggregate
adj.总计的，集合的；n.总数；v.合计；集合
参考例句：
The football team had a low goal aggregate last season.这支足球队上个赛季的进球总数很少。 The money collected will aggregate a thousand dollars.进帐总额将达一千美元。

24 sprawl
vi.躺卧，扩张，蔓延；vt.使蔓延；n.躺卧，蔓延
参考例句：
In our garden,bushes are allowed to sprawl as they will.在我们园子里，灌木丛爱怎么蔓延就怎么蔓延。 He is lying in a sprawl on the bed.他伸开四肢躺在床上。

25 inspection
n.检查，审查，检阅
参考例句：
On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。 The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。

26 outrage
n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒
参考例句：
When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。 We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

27 compensated
补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )；给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）
参考例句：
The marvelous acting compensated for the play's weak script. 本剧的精彩表演弥补了剧本的不足。 I compensated his loss with money. 我赔偿他经济损失。

28 cultivation
n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成
参考例句：
The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。 The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

29 makers
n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）
参考例句：
The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。 The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。来自《简明英汉词典》

30 sectors
n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形
参考例句：
Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。来自《简明英汉词典》 Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

31 detrimental
adj.损害的，造成伤害的
参考例句：
We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。 He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。

32 spawn
n.卵，产物，后代，结果；vt.产卵，种菌丝于，产生，造成；vi.产卵，大量生产
参考例句：
The fish were madly pushing their way upstream to spawn.鱼群为产卵而疯狂地向上游挤进。 These fish will lay spawn in about one month from now.这些鱼大约一个月内会产卵。

33 indicators
（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )；指示物；（车辆上的）转弯指示灯；指示信号
参考例句：
The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。 It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

34 implementation
n.实施，贯彻
参考例句：
Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

35 barometer
n.气压表，睛雨表，反应指标
参考例句：
The barometer marked a continuing fall in atmospheric pressure.气压表表明气压在继续下降。 The arrow on the barometer was pointing to"stormy".气压计上的箭头指向“有暴风雨”。

36 discreet
adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的
参考例句：
He is very discreet in giving his opinions.发表意见他十分慎重。 It wasn't discreet of you to ring me up at the office.你打电话到我办公室真是太鲁莽了。

37 blatantly
ad.公开地
参考例句：
Safety guidelines had been blatantly ignored. 安全规章被公然置之不顾。 They walked grandly through the lobby, blatantly arm in arm, pretending they were not defeated. 他们大大方方地穿过门厅，故意炫耀地挎着胳膊，假装他们没有被打败。

38 circumventing
v.设法克服或避免（某事物），回避( circumvent的现在分词 )；绕过，绕行，绕道旅行
参考例句：
They found a way of circumventing the law. 他们找到了规避法律的途径。 This viewpoint sees the Multinational Corporation as capable of circumventing or subverting national objectives and policies. 这种观点认为，跨国公司能够遏制和破坏国家的目标和政策。来自辞典例句

39 upwards
adv.向上，在更高处...以上
参考例句：
The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。 The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。

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