Jakub Halik had his heart replaced with two mechanical pumps in pioneering surgery last April after an aggressive cancerous tumour¹ was found.

 

Doctors say his death was caused by liver failure, and not the artificial heart itself.

 

Mr Halik, a former firefighter, was waiting on the transplant list for a suitable donor² when he died.

 

Despite not having a pulse and always having to carry a battery pack to power his mechanical heart, Mr Halik was able to walk around and even use the hospital gym.

 

He was not able to accept a donor heart earlier because the cancer meant he would not be able to take the drugs he would need for a successful organ transplant.

 

The radical³ surgery had only ever been tried on one other patient, a man in Texas, who survived for just a week.

 

Mr Halik's operation was carried out by Jan Pirk, director of cardiology（心脏病学） at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague.

 

His team used two plastic pumps, each designed to perform the separate tasks of the left and right sides of the heart.

 

Speaking at a press conference in August more than four months after the surgery, Mr Halik said he felt "very good physically⁴", and said he had made the right choice to proceed with the operation. 

 

"It was hard for me but I didn't have any other chance at all," he told reporters. "It was acknowledged that with the tumour I can survive for about one year and I decided⁵ to fight and do it this way."

 

He said the experience of living without a heart had not been difficult.

 

"I don't even realise it, because the functions of the body are the same, only my heart is not beating and I have no pulse anymore," Mr Halik said. "Otherwise I am functioning like a healthy man at present."

 

Doctors said it is unclear how Mr Halik's liver failed. They are awaiting the outcome of a post-mortem examination.

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