The vote was hailed as a watershed¹（流域，分水岭） moment by gay rights activists². While same-sex unions have been legalized in six states and the District of Columbia by lawmakers or courts, voters had consistently rejected doing so. Voters in more than 30 states have approved constitutional bans on gay marriage.

 

"We made history and sent a powerful message that we have truly reached a tipping point on gay and lesbian civil rights in this country," said Brian Ellner, head of the pro-gay marriage group The Four. "By winning for the first time on marriage at the ballot³ box, we made clear what national polls already show — that Americans support fairness and equality for all families."

 

President Barack Obama this year became the first US president to support gay marriage. His campaign endorsed⁴ the gay marriage measures in the three states.

 

In Maryland, the measure passed 52 percent to 48 percent. In Maine, voters supported the proposal 53 percent to 47 percent, with 75 percent of precincts reporting. And in Washington, a gay marriage measure was approved 52 percent to 48 percent.

 

In all three states, the marriage equality effort did better in urban areas and were less popular among rural voters.

 

The constitutionality of restricting marriage to unions between a man and a woman is widely expected to be taken up by the US Supreme⁵ Court soon.

 

James Esseks, director of the ACLU Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Project, called the votes a "watershed moment" for gay and lesbian families.

 

"Not long ago, marriage for same-sex couples was unimaginable," he said. "In a remarkably⁶ short time, we have seen courts start to rule in favor of the freedom to marry, then legislatures affirm it, and now the people vote for it as well."

 

Before this year, ballot initiatives banning the legal recognition of same-sex marriage had succeeded in 31 states, and no state had ever approved same-sex marriage by popular vote.

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