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近日,“吃辣对身体究竟会有什么影响”登上热搜,引发网友们的热烈讨论。
There are few things in the food world that evoke1 stronger opinions than spices like peppers and chilies2.
麻婆豆腐、麻辣火锅、辣子鸡......这些美味的菜肴对于“无辣不欢派”来说,馋得让人流口水,直呼“味蕾像开花了一样”。
而也有人看到这些菜名转头就走,表示“真的吃不了辣呀”、“第二天脸上全是痘痘”......
那么,吃辣对于我们究竟是利是弊呢?
吃辣能延长寿命和减肥
大家或许知道,辣并不是一种味觉。
辣椒里含有一种叫辣椒素 (capsaicin) 的物质,它作用于舌头痛觉纤维上的受体,通过痛觉传导通路传递给大脑,而大脑接受了这种痛觉之后,会释放内啡肽 (endorphin) 让人产生快感,这就是为什么有的人爱吃辣。
Capsaicin is the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love.
但这并不是吃辣的唯一好处。
Eating spicy3 food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered mortality rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
哈佛大学和中国国家疾病控制和预防中心2015年的一项大型研究表明,每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物,甚至每天只吃一次,死亡率降低14%。
也就是说,含有辣椒素的饮食能延长我们的寿命 (prolong our life)。
除此之外,辣的食物还能帮助我们减肥。研究发现,辣椒素可以提高身体分解脂肪 (break down fat) 和燃烧更多能量 (burn more energy) 的能力。
"It seems to rev4 up the body's fat-burning mechanisms," says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered dietitian/nutritionist. "That can help with weight loss and weight management."
营养师莱恩指出,辣椒素能促进身体的脂肪燃烧,加速代谢,从而帮助减肥和控制体重。
也有研究表明,饮食中富含辛辣食物的人,食欲会降低,一天中总体上吃的食物更少。
A 2012 review article published in the journal Chemical Senses mentioned that those who eat spicy foods like cayenne pepper noticed a reduction in their cravings for fatty, sweet, and salty foods.
2012年发表在Chemical Senses期刊上的一篇文章提到,那些吃辣椒等辛辣食物的人注意到,他们对高脂肪、多糖和盐分高食物的渴望有所减少。
这些研究结果对于“无辣不欢”的人来说,简直就是福音。
吃辣过多有可能损害我们的身体
虽然很多研究表明,吃辣对健康存在很多益处,但并不意味着吃辣越多越好!
如果我们摄入过多含有辣椒素的食物,有可能在损害自己的身体。
If you're dousing5 your food in too much hot sauce—or you're eating entirely6 too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels—you could be damaging your body as well.
According to one scientific study in the National Library of Medicine, capsaicin consumed in abundance can irritate the lining7 of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin include "nausea8", "vomiting9", "abdominal10 pain", and "burning diarrhea".
根据一项发表在美国国家医学图书馆上的科学研究,大量摄入辣椒素会在食用后刺激我们的胃黏膜,导致“恶心”、“呕吐”、“腹痛”和“灼热性腹泻”等症状。
因此,辛辣食物是胃部不适 (an upset stomach) 和腹泻 (diarrhea) 背后最常见的罪魁祸首之一。
辛辣食物还可能导致痤疮 (acne) 和湿疹 (eczema),甚至是失眠 (insomnia)。
Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist11 said, "When spicy food creates inflammation in the gut—from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms—sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema."
佛罗里达州的皮肤科医生、医学博士丽贝卡·董说:“当辛辣食物引起肠道炎症时,会出现胃部不适、胃酸反流或其他症状。有时这种炎症也会在皮肤上出现,如发红、痤疮爆发,甚至湿疹。”
"Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse, and the discomfort12 from heartburn hinders sleep," said the health experts at WebMD.
美国互联网医疗健康信息服务平台的健康专家指出,辛辣食物也会影响睡眠,因为它们会导致胃灼热。躺下会加重胃灼热,带来的不适会妨碍睡眠。
这样看来,适量吃辣才是正道呀!
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