日期：2008-03-07 ARBITRATOR . A private extraordinary judge chosen by the parties who have a matter in dispute, invested with power to decide the same. Arbitrators are so called because they have generally an arbitrary power, there being in common no appeal from the... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ARBITER . One who, decides without any control. A judge with the most extensive arbitrary powers; an arbitrator. ARBITRAMENT . A term nearly synonymous with arbitration. (q. v.) ARBITRAMENT AND AWARD . The name of a plea to an action brought for the... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 TO APPROVE , approbare. To increase the profits upon a thing; as to approve land by increasing the rent. 2 Inst. 784. APPROVEMENT , English crim. law. The act by which a person indicted of treason or felony, and arraigned for the same, confesses the... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APPROPRIATION , contracts. The application of the payment of a sum of money, made by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts. 2. When a voluntary payment is made, the law permits the debtor in the first place, or, if he make no choice, the... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APPRIZING . A name for an action in the Scotch law, by which a creditor formerly carried off the estates of his debtor in payment of debts due to him in lieu of which, adjudications are now resorted to. APPROBATE AND REPROBATE . In Scotland this ter... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APPOSAL OF SHERIFFS , English law. The charging them with money received upon account of the Exchequer. 22 Car. II. APPOSER , Eng. law. An officer of the Court of Exchequer, called the foreign apposer. APPOSTILLE , French law. Postil. In general thi... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APPOINTEE . A person who is appointed or selected for a particular purpose; as the appointee under a power, is the person who is to receive the benefit of the trust or power. /B. One authorized by the donor under the statute of uses, to execute a po... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APPEARANCE DAY . The day on which the parties are bound to appear in court. This is regulated in the different states by particular provisions. APPELLANT , practice. He who makes an appeal from one jurisdiction to another. APPELLATE JURISDICTION . T... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APPEARANCE , practice. Signifies the filing common or special bail to the action. 2. The appearance, with all other subsequent pleadings supposed to take placein court, should (in accordance with the ancient practice) purport to be in term time. It... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 APARTMENTS . A part of a house occupied by a person, while the rest is occupied by another, or others. 7 Mann. Gr. 95 ; 6 Mod. 214 ; Woodf. L. T. 178. See House. APOSTACY , Eng. law. A total renunciation of the Christian religion, and differs from h... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANTECEDENT . Something that goes before. In the construction of laws, agreements, and the like, reference is always to be made to the last antecedent; ad proximun antecedens fiat relatio. But not only the antecedents but the subsequent clauses of th... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANNUM DIEM ET VASTUM , English law. The title which the king acquires in land, when a party, who held not of the king, is attainted of felony. He acquires the power not only to take the profits for a full year, but to waste and demolish houses, and... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANNI NUBILES . The age at which a girl becomes by law fit for marriage, which is twelve years. ANNIENTED . From the French aneantir; abrogated or made null. Litt. sect. 741. ANNO DOMINI , in the year of our Lord, abbreviated, A. D. The computation o... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANIMANLS OF A BASE NATURE . Those which, though they may be reclaimed, are not Such that at common law a larceny may be committed of them, by reason of the baseness of their nature. Some animals, which are now usually tamed, come within this class;... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANCIENT WRITINGS , evidence. Deeds, wills, and other writings more than thirty years old, are considered ancient writings. They may in general be read in evidence, without any other proof of their execution than that they have been in the possession... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANCIENT LIGHTS , estates. Windows which have been opened for twenty years or more, and enjoyed without molestation by the owner of the house. 5 Har. John. 477; 12 Mass. R. 157,.220. 2. It is proposed to consider, 1. How the right of ancient light is... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 ANATHEMA , eccl. law. A punishment by which a person is separate from, the body of the church, and forbidden all intercourse with the faithful: it differs from excommunication, which simply forbids the person excommunicated, from going into the chur... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-07 AMOTION , tort. An amotion of possession from an estate, is an ouster which happens by a species of disseisin or turning out of the legal propritor before his estate is determined. 3 Bl. Com. 198, 199. Amotion is also applied to personal chattels wh... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-06 AMERCIAMENT, AMERCEMENT , English law. A pecuniary punishment arbitrarily imposed by some lord or count, in distinction from a fine which is expressed according to the statute. Kitch. 78. Amerciament royal, when the amerciament is made by the sherif... 阅读全文>>

日期：2008-03-06 AMMENDMENT , practice. The correction, by allowance of the court, of an error committed in the progress of a cause. 2. Amendments at common law, independently of any statutory provision on the subject, are in all cases in the discretion of the court... 阅读全文>>